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簡(jiǎn)介：淮陰工學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文資料翻譯學(xué)院院建筑工程學(xué)院專業(yè)業(yè)土木工程（路橋方向）姓名名石洋學(xué)號(hào)號(hào)1081401526外文出外文出處處工程力學(xué)雜志用外文寫JOURNALOFENGINEERINGMECHANICS附件件1外文資料翻譯譯文；2外文原文。附件附件1外文外文資料翻料翻譯譯譯譯文TIMOSHENKO和剪切模型梁的動(dòng)力學(xué)研究NO?LCHALLAMEL1摘要古典TIMOSHENKO梁模型和剪切梁模型常用于建筑行為模型都剪穩(wěn)定性或動(dòng)態(tài)分析。該技術(shù)關(guān)注的是兩種模型間的大量彎曲剪切剛度值的問題。這是以兩種模型分析研究了簡(jiǎn)支梁。獲得大量彎曲剪切剛度值的漸進(jìn)解。在一般情況下，實(shí)驗(yàn)在考慮大彎剪剛度值參數(shù)時(shí)證明該剪切梁模型不能從TIMOSHENKO模型中推斷出來，這只是達(dá)到特定的幾何參數(shù)在目前的例子。作為結(jié)論，剪切模型的能力近似TIMOSHENKO模型，因?yàn)榇罅繌澢羟袆偠葏?shù)是堅(jiān)定的依賴于橫截面在邊界狀態(tài)下的材料和幾何特性。關(guān)鍵詞橫波，結(jié)構(gòu)力學(xué)，動(dòng)態(tài)模型，腦電圖儀，比較研究。引言經(jīng)典的TIMOSHENKO梁模型和剪切梁模型經(jīng)常被用來模擬建筑物的剪切穩(wěn)定性和動(dòng)態(tài)特性。該技術(shù)關(guān)注的是兩種模型間的大量彎曲剪切剛度值的問題。2004年ARISTIZABALOCHOA通過考慮大量無維參數(shù)來比較這兩種模型出一種關(guān)系，屈服于剪切剛度參數(shù)。這項(xiàng)科學(xué)證據(jù)表明一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的例子這個(gè)參數(shù)可能不足以聯(lián)系這兩種理論。TIMOSHENKO模型動(dòng)態(tài)方程TIMOSHENKO模型的控制方程是10X?Θ?EIΘX?Y?GAT?Θ?RM0X?Θ?GAX?Y?GAT??M22S222S22S2Y2這種橫梁只在楊氏模量和橫斷面剪切模量下用均勻的彈性材料制成的。它的橫向的橫截面是帶有一個(gè)用AS和一個(gè)重要的慣性矩表示的有效的剪切區(qū)域雙重對(duì)稱的IAR2。有效面積AS也能用ΚAΚ表示，所謂的剪切校正系數(shù)是一個(gè)給出了截面上的平均張力的比率和圖心剪切應(yīng)變的無量綱的因數(shù)。它的重要取決

簡(jiǎn)介：2009屆土木工程（隧道及軌道）畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文翻譯1釜山釜山巨濟(jì)的交通系統(tǒng)沉管隧道開創(chuàng)新局面巨濟(jì)的交通系統(tǒng)沉管隧道開創(chuàng)新局面WIMJANSSEN1,PETERDEHAAS1,YOUNGHOONYOON21荷蘭隧道工程顧問大宇工程建設(shè)公司釜山巨濟(jì)交通線隧道工程技術(shù)顧問2韓國(guó)大宇工程建設(shè)公司摘要釜山巨濟(jì)交通系統(tǒng)將會(huì)為釜山和巨濟(jì)兩島上的大城市提供一條道路連接。該沉管隧道有許多特點(diǎn)長(zhǎng)度達(dá)到32千米，處于水下35米處，海況條件嚴(yán)峻、地基土較為軟弱和線型要求較高。基于以上諸多特點(diǎn)，隧道的設(shè)計(jì)和建造面臨著巨大的挑戰(zhàn)。可以預(yù)見的是這項(xiàng)工程將會(huì)開創(chuàng)沉管隧道施工技術(shù)的新局面。本文突出論述了這些特點(diǎn)以及闡述在土木和結(jié)構(gòu)方面的問題。11工程簡(jiǎn)介工程簡(jiǎn)介釜山是韓國(guó)的第二大城市和一座重要的海港。它位于韓國(guó)的東南部，其南面和東面朝向朝鮮海峽同時(shí)在釜山北部山勢(shì)較為陡峭。該市發(fā)展迅速，近年來的人口增長(zhǎng)超過370萬（總計(jì)460萬人）。人口密度達(dá)到4850人/KM2，約為香港的3/4。釜山市的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展由于其所處的地理位置而受到限制。釜山巨濟(jì)交通系統(tǒng)在釜山和巨濟(jì)島之間創(chuàng)造了一條直接的聯(lián)系線，以從客觀上滿足釜山的城市擴(kuò)展，在巨濟(jì)島上發(fā)展工業(yè)區(qū)，以及為釜山市民在較短的行車距離內(nèi)增加休閑娛樂的去處。巨濟(jì)島西側(cè)目前已經(jīng)與朝鮮半島相連，在本項(xiàng)連接工程完工之后，從釜山市到巨濟(jì)島的駕車時(shí)間將由原來的2小時(shí)縮短為現(xiàn)在的45分鐘。釜山巨濟(jì)交通系統(tǒng)將在巨濟(jì)島與GADUK島之間提供一條連接，使其成為連接釜山新港地區(qū)至巨濟(jì)島的雙重高速公路體系的一部分。這一系統(tǒng)總計(jì)8204公里長(zhǎng)，穿越海峽并將DAEJUK,JUNGJUK和JEO三個(gè)無人小島連接在一起。原則上該系統(tǒng)由一條長(zhǎng)度為3240M的雙向四車道沉管隧道和兩座主跨475，兩邊跨230M的斜拉橋組成。22規(guī)劃規(guī)劃2009屆土木工程（隧道及軌道）畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文翻譯3起，基本布局由三條航道的要求決定。位于GADUK島和DAEJUK島之間的主航道寬1800M，深18M。由于這條航道沒有官方的水深規(guī)定，因此選擇以隧道的方式穿越成為一種可行的方案。另外兩條位于JUNGJUKJEO島和JOE巨濟(jì)島的次級(jí)航道，最小寬度分別為435M和404M，各自的通航凈空要求分別為52M和36M。兩條次級(jí)航道的水深均為16M。鑒于DAEJUK島和GADUK島之間相對(duì)較為陡峭的海岸，開挖作業(yè)又是在海床以下25至30米處，這就使得工程無法滿足兩島之間的對(duì)準(zhǔn)開挖。而為了駕駛的舒適與安全又不得不延長(zhǎng)梯度線和坡長(zhǎng)。因此，將穿越該水域的沉管隧道設(shè)置在略低于海床平面成為一個(gè)合理的選擇。2323巖土條件巖土條件地層在隧道線路方向上呈現(xiàn)出不同但是在縱向自上而下依次為典型的海洋粘土、海砂、礫卵石和海床基巖。在沉管隧道沿線的海床主要以海洋粘土為主，除了在海岸線附近露出地表的海床、淺灘和沙礫層。沉管隧道周圍的海洋粘土厚度大多數(shù)都超過20M。因此沉管隧道的主體將會(huì)穿越該地層。海洋粘土包括正常固結(jié)和輕微超固結(jié)的軟粘土。這些粘土形成于全新世。位于海床以下的大部分粘土都是十分軟弱和塑性非常高的。這種粘土的塑性指數(shù)范圍從5685，均值為68；飽和單位重度為139154KN/M3，平均重度為146KN/M3。2424海洋情況海洋情況施工位置在太平洋上，處于朝鮮海峽上并位于日本海的南面。這將影響工地現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的海洋情況。10000年一遇的南向海浪會(huì)影響該工程的水文條件。設(shè)計(jì)最大浪高達(dá)到92M，對(duì)應(yīng)的海浪周期為15S。這種由臺(tái)風(fēng)引起的海浪是向南運(yùn)動(dòng)的。洋流主要受潮汐的影響，這是一個(gè)典型的半日潮，最大潮高達(dá)到16M，流速08M/S，流向與隧道走向一致。工程所處位置的海浪包括三個(gè)主要部分當(dāng)?shù)睾ｏL(fēng)引起的波浪，主要是冬季來自東北和西北方的風(fēng)；雨水帶來的風(fēng)，主要是夏季來自南方和東南方的風(fēng)；深水海流產(chǎn)生的波浪，主要是夏季來自南方和東南方的風(fēng)。在海上設(shè)施建設(shè)期間，應(yīng)該考慮浪高超過05M，周期為6次/S的海浪的影響。夏季的

簡(jiǎn)介：本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文文獻(xiàn)及譯文文獻(xiàn)、資料題目DESIGNINGAGAINSTFIREOFBULIDING文獻(xiàn)、資料來源期刊文獻(xiàn)、資料發(fā)表（出版）日期2010810院（部）土木工程學(xué)院專業(yè)土木工程2THEPURPOSEOFTHISPAPERISTOCONSIDERTHEDESIGNOFBUILDINGSFORFIRESAFETYFROMANENGINEERINGPERSPECTIVEASISCURRENTLYDONEFOROTHERLOADSSUCHASWINDOREARTHQUAKES,WHILSTATTHESAMETIME,PUTTINGSUCHAPPROACHESINTHECONTEXTOFTHECURRENTREGULATORYREQUIREMENTSATTHEOUTSET,ITNEEDSTOBENOTEDTHATDESIGNINGABUILDINGFORFIRESAFETYISFARMORETHANSIMPLYCONSIDERINGTHEBUILDINGSTRUCTUREANDWHETHERITHASSUFFICIENTSTRUCTURALADEQUACYTHISISBECAUSEFIRESCANHAVEADIRECTINFLUENCEONOCCUPANTSVIASMOKEANDHEATANDCANGROWINSIZEANDSEVERITYUNLIKEOTHEREFFECTSIMPOSEDONTHEBUILDINGNOTWITHSTANDINGTHESECOMMENTS,THEFOCUSOFTHISPAPERWILLBELARGELYONDESIGNISSUESASSOCIATEDWITHTHEBUILDINGSTRUCTURETWOSITUATIONSASSOCIATEDWITHABUILDINGAREUSEDFORTHEPURPOSEOFDISCUSSIONTHEMULTISTOREYOFFICEBUILDINGSHOWNINFIGURE1ISSUPPORTEDBYATRANSFERSTRUCTURETHATSPANSOVERASETOFRAILWAYTRACKSITISASSUMEDTHATAWIDERANGEOFRAILTRAFFICUTILISESTHESETRACKSINCLUDINGFREIGHTANDDIESELLOCOMOTIVESTHEFIRSTSITUATIONTOBECONSIDEREDFROMAFIRESAFETYPERSPECTIVEISTHETRANSFERSTRUCTURETHISISTERMEDSITUATION1ANDTHEKEYQUESTIONSAREWHATLEVELOFFIRERESISTANCEISREQUIREDFORTHISTRANSFERSTRUCTUREANDHOWCANTHISBEDETERMINEDTHISSITUATIONHASBEENCHOSENSINCEITCLEARLYFALLSOUTSIDETHENORMALREGULATORYSCOPEOFMOSTBUILDINGREGULATIONSANENGINEERINGSOLUTION,RATHERTHANAPRESCRIPTIVEONEISREQUIREDTHESECONDFIRESITUATIONTERMEDSITUATION2CORRESPONDSTOAFIREWITHINTHEOFFICELEVELSOFTHEBUILDINGANDISCOVEREDBYBUILDINGREGULATIONSTHISSITUATIONISCHOSENBECAUSEITWILLENABLEADISCUSSIONOFENGINEERINGAPPROACHESANDHOWTHESEINTERFACEWITHTHEBUILDINGREGULATIONS–SINCEBOTHENGINEERINGANDPRESCRIPTIVESOLUTIONSAREPOSSIBLE

簡(jiǎn)介：中文中文2065字外文翻譯外文翻譯學(xué)生姓名學(xué)生姓名學(xué)號(hào)指導(dǎo)教師指導(dǎo)教師職稱職稱講師講師專業(yè)信息工程信息工程二零一零年六月二零一零年六月本特征的反向文件（有詞干或者沒詞干）都會(huì)被計(jì)算和存入POSTGRESQL數(shù)據(jù)庫。在聯(lián)網(wǎng)階段，用戶為每個(gè)可獲得的特征輸入示例圖片，一個(gè)搜索文本和一個(gè)權(quán)重距離函數(shù)。這個(gè)距離函數(shù)能夠被測(cè)量（像歐幾里得距離）或者不能度量（像DPF和余弦距離）。然后，系統(tǒng)用距離函數(shù)的加權(quán)組合和相對(duì)于原始圖像的最大距離做的歸一化操作之后執(zhí)行一個(gè)KNN搜索。為了有效地檢索一個(gè)小的圖像子集所有基于文本和基于內(nèi)容的特征（最高達(dá)11個(gè)特征/每個(gè)圖像）存儲(chǔ)在POSTGRESQL數(shù)據(jù)庫，并且每幅圖像有一個(gè)相應(yīng)地二進(jìn)制文件做線性掃描。當(dāng)前，這個(gè)系統(tǒng)包含超過115,000圖像在這個(gè)集合并且二進(jìn)制文件的大小大約達(dá)到了130MB。這個(gè)系統(tǒng)包含了兩種不同的圖形用戶界面一種瀏覽器側(cè)邊欄（為終端用戶設(shè)計(jì)），一種高級(jí)查詢（為有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的用戶設(shè)計(jì)）。3瀏覽器側(cè)邊欄這個(gè)界面為終端用戶設(shè)計(jì)，它在瀏覽器上包含一個(gè)側(cè)邊欄（如圖片1所示）。當(dāng)用戶在FLICKR站點(diǎn)正在瀏覽圖片并且想執(zhí)行一個(gè)搜索，他必須復(fù)制正在查看的圖像的URL并且粘貼到瀏覽器側(cè)邊欄的URL文本輸入?yún)^(qū)域。最終返回給用戶的結(jié)果按相似性大小排序返回給用戶，這個(gè)相似性的計(jì)算是通過度量圖像庫中每個(gè)特征元素相對(duì)于示例圖像特征元素的距離實(shí)現(xiàn)的。之后，用戶能夠單擊獲得的圖像，并將它顯示在FLICKR站點(diǎn)上。

簡(jiǎn)介：1中文中文10800字出處出處JOURNALOFAGRICULTURALANDRESOURCEECONOMICS,1998351366畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）外文翻譯外文翻譯題目技術(shù)貿(mào)易壁壘植物檢疫障礙的個(gè)案研究與美日蘋果貿(mào)易專業(yè)國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)與貿(mào)易3生嚴(yán)重影響，生產(chǎn)者福利的額外減少會(huì)導(dǎo)致消費(fèi)者福利減少，以及為技術(shù)壁壘在經(jīng)濟(jì)和科學(xué)領(lǐng)域找到理由。另外，如果生產(chǎn)者的損失相對(duì)較小，取消技術(shù)壁壘仍然會(huì)增加凈福利，而且技術(shù)壁壘在經(jīng)濟(jì)意義上是不合理的。關(guān)于農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)壁壘的文獻(xiàn)在不斷增加，并分為三類。第一，初期的理論將技術(shù)壁壘表示為不同的產(chǎn)品和國(guó)家ROBERTSANDDEREMERPETREYANDJOHNSONANDNDAYISENGAANDKINSEY。第二，經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家已經(jīng)研發(fā)出很多測(cè)量技術(shù)壁壘的方法。BALDWIN調(diào)查了技術(shù)壁壘的測(cè)量文獻(xiàn)，而且找到了農(nóng)業(yè)上的很多實(shí)證例子。理論的第三個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)重點(diǎn)是技術(shù)壁壘的福利效應(yīng)。很多的文獻(xiàn)解決了技術(shù)壁壘的福利效應(yīng)理論JOSLINGSUMNERANDLEEANDTHILMANYANDBARRETT。一個(gè)小而發(fā)展的實(shí)證例子說明變化的技術(shù)壁壘對(duì)美國(guó)鱷梨進(jìn)口ROMANOORDENANDROMANO，美國(guó)牛肉進(jìn)口PAARLBERGANDLEE，以及澳大利亞的香蕉進(jìn)口JAMESANDANDERSON的福利影響。在本文中，我們調(diào)查了技術(shù)壁壘在容易引起爭(zhēng)端的美國(guó)對(duì)日本蘋果出口貿(mào)易中的作用。美國(guó)是一個(gè)主要的蘋果出口國(guó)，但是日本對(duì)美國(guó)進(jìn)口產(chǎn)品規(guī)定了嚴(yán)格的植物檢疫技術(shù)壁壘，以控制疾病和害蟲的傳輸。文章首先討論美國(guó)和日本蘋果市場(chǎng)，植物檢疫技術(shù)壁壘和貿(mào)易。然后，提出了一個(gè)分析模型測(cè)量富士蘋果的技術(shù)壁壘關(guān)稅率等值和取消貿(mào)易壁壘的福利效應(yīng)。接下來，得出實(shí)證結(jié)果。我們估算了技術(shù)壁壘關(guān)稅率等值，以及取消關(guān)稅和技術(shù)壁壘對(duì)日本貿(mào)易和福利的影響。日本的植物檢疫技術(shù)壁壘目的是限制火疫病，蘋果小卷蛾，和蘋果蛆。我們將注意力放在細(xì)菌性疾病火疫病上，而這引起了對(duì)防止傳染的檢疫水平長(zhǎng)期的科學(xué)辯論。美國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)部的動(dòng)植物健康檢疫服務(wù)辨稱火疫病的傳輸對(duì)商業(yè)水果幾乎沒有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。對(duì)科學(xué)依據(jù)的評(píng)估不在本文研究范圍內(nèi)。反而，我們研究在火疫病不能被傳染的假設(shè)下，取消技術(shù)壁壘對(duì)福利的影響，并發(fā)現(xiàn)它對(duì)貿(mào)易有巨大的好處?；蛘?，我們假設(shè)火疫病可以被傳染，并調(diào)查疾病損失為多大時(shí)，才能抵消來自貿(mào)易的收益。本文還包括這一研究的價(jià)值和影響實(shí)證結(jié)果的假設(shè)。美國(guó)美國(guó)日本蘋果市場(chǎng)與貿(mào)易日本蘋果市場(chǎng)與貿(mào)易美國(guó)是世界最大的新鮮蘋果出口地之一。在1996/97銷售年度（從1996年八月到1997年七月），美國(guó)24的新鮮蘋果被出口。華盛頓州的蘋果據(jù)估計(jì)占總出口的86。然而很多種類的蘋果產(chǎn)于美國(guó)，紅色和金冠是最普遍的，據(jù)估計(jì)占美國(guó)1996年產(chǎn)量的56。紅富士蘋果在美國(guó)是比較新的品種，主要在西方國(guó)家生產(chǎn)。然而紅富士蘋果只占1996年蘋果產(chǎn)量的5，產(chǎn)量從1993年的90，758噸增長(zhǎng)到1996年的241，794噸。紅富士蘋果被預(yù)測(cè)在2005年，將達(dá)到460，000噸OROURKE。生產(chǎn)者回應(yīng)新的出口市場(chǎng)上的機(jī)會(huì)以及改變消費(fèi)者對(duì)甜蘋果的偏好，這是產(chǎn)業(yè)上的重要結(jié)構(gòu)性改變。很多國(guó)家都采用美國(guó)關(guān)于出口蘋果的疾病和害蟲管理體系來作為保護(hù)本國(guó)產(chǎn)業(yè)的適當(dāng)措施。新的產(chǎn)品可以隱藏疾病和害蟲，而這些疾病和害蟲可以在運(yùn)輸過程中生還并且會(huì)危及到其他國(guó)家的產(chǎn)品。系統(tǒng)方法運(yùn)用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)降低措施的組合，這一組合無論是單獨(dú)還是累計(jì)都將目標(biāo)疾病和害蟲減少到一個(gè)很低的水平。這一方法經(jīng)常在以下國(guó)家或地區(qū)使用不能成為無疾病、無害蟲區(qū)域的國(guó)家或地區(qū)；采后處理損害產(chǎn)品或有無法接受的化學(xué)殘留的國(guó)家或地區(qū)ROBERTSANDORDEN。例如，華盛頓蘋果采用的系統(tǒng)方法包括良好的生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐，分級(jí)和排序，進(jìn)一步消除帶有疾病或害蟲侵害、破壞的蘋果，以及肉眼檢查。系統(tǒng)方法可以隨著國(guó)家和地區(qū)而變化。

簡(jiǎn)介：1譯文標(biāo)題譯文標(biāo)題嗅探器和網(wǎng)絡(luò)監(jiān)聽器嗅探器和網(wǎng)絡(luò)監(jiān)聽器原文標(biāo)題原文標(biāo)題PACKETSNIFFERSANDNETWORKMONITORS作者JIMSTILLERANDBRYANDFISH譯名吉姆和布萊恩國(guó)籍美國(guó)原文出處原文出處INFORMATIONSYSTEMSSECURITY嗅探器和網(wǎng)絡(luò)監(jiān)視器嗅探器和網(wǎng)絡(luò)監(jiān)視器通信產(chǎn)生于各種形式，范圍從簡(jiǎn)單的語音通話，到復(fù)雜的光線操作。每個(gè)類型的通信是基于兩個(gè)基本原則波浪理論和粒子理論。從本質(zhì)上講，通信可以建立在其中任一種理論之上，經(jīng)常在演唱會(huì)，用載體或媒體來實(shí)現(xiàn)信息傳播。一個(gè)例子是人類的聲音。波通信使用空氣作為信號(hào)承載介質(zhì)的結(jié)果是，兩個(gè)人可以互相交談。但是，大氣是一種常見的媒介，任何人接近，足以收到相同的波可以監(jiān)聽和暗中聽取討論。對(duì)于計(jì)算機(jī)通信，過程更加復(fù)雜當(dāng)數(shù)據(jù)從一點(diǎn)傳播到另一點(diǎn)的過程中，媒介和類型可能會(huì)改變多次。盡管如此，計(jì)算機(jī)通信很容易被攻擊，在用同樣的方式時(shí)會(huì)話可以被監(jiān)聽隨著通信的建立，一些關(guān)于通信可達(dá)性的缺陷會(huì)以這樣或那樣的形式存在。截取通訊的能力，取決于通信的類型和租用的媒介，考慮到合適時(shí)間、資源和環(huán)境條件，任何通信除了租用媒介類型的通信都可以被截獲。在計(jì)算機(jī)通信領(lǐng)域，嗅探器和網(wǎng)絡(luò)監(jiān)視器的境界是兩種具有遠(yuǎn)程截獲數(shù)據(jù)功能的工具。，在分析網(wǎng)絡(luò)工作活動(dòng)中由一個(gè)合法的管理員操作網(wǎng)絡(luò)監(jiān)視器是非常有用的。通過分析截獲的通信的各種屬性，管理員可以收集用于診斷或檢測(cè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的性能問題的信息。這樣的工具可以被用來隔離路由器、網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備、系統(tǒng)和普通的網(wǎng)絡(luò)活動(dòng)的配置不當(dāng)?shù)腻e(cuò)誤，來輔助網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)計(jì)的決定方案。在黑暗的對(duì)比下，嗅探器可以是一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的工具，它使攻擊者從網(wǎng)絡(luò)通信中獲得信息。密碼、電子郵件、文件、實(shí)現(xiàn)某種功能的程序和應(yīng)用信息只是嗅探器能夠獲得的信息中的幾個(gè)例子。擅自使用網(wǎng)絡(luò)嗅探器、分析儀或監(jiān)聽器表明了對(duì)于信息安全的一種基本風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。這是一個(gè)有兩部分的文章。第一部分介紹了計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境下的數(shù)據(jù)截取的概念。它提供了一個(gè)了解和識(shí)別那些容易被竊聽的會(huì)話的特性基礎(chǔ)。第二部分提出了為評(píng)估這些缺陷的嚴(yán)重性的方法。接著討論了真實(shí)世界中會(huì)話竊聽過程的例子，首先，本文主要解決了關(guān)于數(shù)據(jù)竊聽方面的一些令人難以置信的安全隱患和威脅攔截。最后，它提出了一種關(guān)于減弱各種通信缺陷的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的技術(shù)。嗅探器功能嗅探器功能網(wǎng)絡(luò)監(jiān)視和嗅探器具有相同的性質(zhì)，事實(shí)上這兩個(gè)術(shù)語經(jīng)常交換使用。然而，在許多領(lǐng)域中，網(wǎng)絡(luò)監(jiān)視器是一個(gè)設(shè)備或系統(tǒng)來收集有關(guān)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字。3由水桶B代表。最接近軸線的軸點(diǎn)，也是三個(gè)軸點(diǎn)中最不重要的，由水桶C代表。和其他兩個(gè)水桶相比，水桶C在計(jì)算方面有最小的影響力。添加到水桶的重量類似于它代表的特征價(jià)值。由于位置，拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)，或媒介增加的困難性，更多的重量添加到桶中。例如，如果CAT5是可用介質(zhì)那么媒介桶C可能是空的。CAT5的共性代表一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的水平。然而，如果一個(gè)串行電纜相交，大型環(huán)境中的可用媒介是有限的。因此，水桶可能是滿的。由于每個(gè)地區(qū)的復(fù)雜程度被放大，更多的重量添加到相應(yīng)的桶，增加攻擊的復(fù)雜性，但增強(qiáng)攻擊的有效性。這個(gè)例子傳達(dá)這些關(guān)鍵變量和嗅探器收集的信息之間的關(guān)系。隨著進(jìn)一步的研究，在一定程度下，環(huán)繞滑桿移動(dòng)水桶從而使改變各個(gè)水桶的影響變?yōu)榭赡堋Ｐ崽狡鞴ぷ髟硇崽狡鞴ぷ髟碚缛藗兯胂蟮?，嗅探器的形式幾乎有無限種，由于每種形式都必須以不同的方式工作，從目標(biāo)介質(zhì)收集信息。例如，在微波發(fā)射塔收集數(shù)據(jù)中，為以太網(wǎng)設(shè)計(jì)的嗅探器就幾乎無用。然而，共同通信的安全隱患和漏洞數(shù)量似乎把重點(diǎn)放在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)。通常情況下，以太網(wǎng)是局域網(wǎng)（LAN）的目標(biāo)拓?fù)洹⒋型ㄐ攀菑V域網(wǎng)（WAN）的目標(biāo)拓?fù)?。以太網(wǎng)以太網(wǎng)典型的網(wǎng)絡(luò)之間最常見的是以太網(wǎng)的拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)，和IEEE8023，這兩者都是基于相同的傳播準(zhǔn)則載波偵聽多路訪問（CSMA/CD的}技術(shù)。今天所使用的通信形式，以太網(wǎng)使用嗅探器是最容易引發(fā)安全漏洞的。主要有兩個(gè)原因安裝基座和通信類型。載波偵聽多路訪問技術(shù)（CSMA/CD）是類似于幾個(gè)與會(huì)者的電話會(huì)議。每個(gè)人都有機(jī)會(huì)發(fā)言，不論參與者有話要說或者不說。在電話會(huì)議上，兩個(gè)或更多的人在同一時(shí)間發(fā)言，在此期間很短的時(shí)間內(nèi)，每個(gè)人都是沉默的，等著決定是否繼續(xù)。一旦暫停，并有人開始不間斷的發(fā)言，每個(gè)人都可以聽到揚(yáng)聲器。為了完成類比，揚(yáng)聲器處理組中只有一個(gè)人，其名字確定在句子的開頭。在以太網(wǎng)環(huán)境中運(yùn)作的計(jì)算機(jī)以相同的方式相互影響，當(dāng)一個(gè)系統(tǒng)需要傳輸數(shù)據(jù)的時(shí)候，它需要在沒有其他系統(tǒng)傳輸數(shù)據(jù)的情況下進(jìn)行。在雙信道中，兩個(gè)系統(tǒng)可以同時(shí)傳輸數(shù)據(jù)，電信號(hào)在電纜上發(fā)生碰撞。這種碰撞迫使這兩個(gè)系統(tǒng)為重發(fā)等待被破壞的時(shí)間量。其中一組系統(tǒng)參與有時(shí)也被稱作一個(gè)沖突域，因?yàn)樵摱紊纤邢到y(tǒng)都可以看到碰撞。此外，電話就像是電話會(huì)議與會(huì)者的共同媒介，物理網(wǎng)絡(luò)是一個(gè)共享的媒介。因此，任何系統(tǒng)上的共享網(wǎng)段優(yōu)于特定網(wǎng)段上的所有通信。當(dāng)數(shù)據(jù)穿過網(wǎng)絡(luò)的時(shí)候，網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的所有設(shè)備都可以偵測(cè)到這些數(shù)據(jù)，并對(duì)提

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簡(jiǎn)介：2009ISECSINTERNATIONALCOLLOQUIUMONCOMPUTING,COMMUNICATION,CONTROL,ANDMANAGEMENT9781424442461/09/2500?2009IEEECCCM2009DESIGNANDREALIZATIONOFANINTELLIGENTACCESSCONTROLSYSTEMBASEDONVOICERECOGNITIONBOCUICOLLEGEOFINFORMATIONHEBEIPOLYTECHNICUNIVERSITYTANGSHAN,CHINAEMAILMIKECUIHEUTEDUCNTONGZEXUECOLLEGEOFINFORMATIONSCIENCEANDENGINEERINGHEBEIUNIVERSITYOFSCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGYSHIJIAZHUANG,CHINAEMAILDIANZIXINXIYEAHNETABSTRACTTHEINTELLIGENTACCESSSYSTEMADOPTSTHETECHNOLOGYOFTHEVOICERECOGNITIONTHATBASEDONTHESPCE061ASINGLECHIPTHESYSTEMHARDWAREISMADEUPOFSPCE061ASINGLECHIP,THEPOWERANDGATINGCIRCUIT,THEEXTENDEDMEMORIZERSPR4096,THEVOICEINPUTANDOUTPUTCIRCUITTHEKEYTECHNOLOGIESARETHEAPPLICATIONOFTHESPCE061ASINGLECHIPONVOICERECOGNITIONANDTHEDESIGNOFTHEDOORCONTROLCIRCUITTHESYSTEMSOFTWAREISMADEUPOFTHEVOICETRAININGMODULE,THEVOICERECOGNITIONMODULE,THEVOICEDATAPROCESSINGMODULE,THEVOICEPLAYINGMODULEANDTHECODEOFINPUTANDOUTPUTMODULETHESYSTEMCOMPLETESTHEFUNCTIONSOFCOLLECTINGTHEVOICEDATA,DISTILLINGCHARACTER,SPECIALVOICERECOGNITIONANDVOICEPLAYINGINTERMSOFINITIALIZINGTHESYSTEMANDTHEIDENTIFICATIONTRAININGACCORDINGTOTHEVOICERECOGNITIONARITHMETICTHEORY,THEPRETREATMENTOFVOICESIGNAL,THECHARACTERDISTILLINGANDPATTERNMATCHINGISANALYZEDTHERESULTSOFTHEEXPERIMENTSINDICATETHATTHESYSTEMCAPABILITYISSTEADYANDTHEIDENTIFICATIONISEFFECTIVETHESYSTEMCANBEAPPLIEDINHOUSEORSMALLOFFICESAFETYPROTECTIONKEYWORDSACCESSCONTROLLINEARPREDICTIONVOICERECOGNITIONPATTERNMATCHCHARACTERDISTILIINTRODUCTIONTHEREAREMANYIDENTIFICATIONTECHNOLOGIESUSEDINCURRENTINTELLIGENTGUARDSYSTEMRELATIVETOOTHERTECHNIQUES,THEVOICERECOGNITIONTECHNOLOGYISGENERALLYREGARDEDASONEOFTHECONVENIENTANDSAFERECOGNITIONTECHNIQUESTHISTECHNIQUEISAKINDOFTECHNIQUETHATMAKESUSEOFTHECREATURECHARACTEROFAHUMANBODYTOCARRYONIDENTIFICATIONBECAUSEEVERYBODYSCREATURECHARACTERISUNIQUEANDSTABLEINACERTAINPERIOD,THEYAREDIFFERENTFROMOTHERSANDDIFFICULTTOBEFABRICATEDANDIMITATEDSOTHEVOICERECOGNITIONTECHNOLOGYCANBEMADEUSEOFIDENTIFICATION,WHICHISSAFE,ACCURATEANDDEPENDABLEIITHECLASSIFICATIONOFVOICERECOGNITIONBECAUSETHEPURPOSEANDFUNCTIONOFTHEVOICERECOGNITIONAREDIFFERENT,THERECOGNITIONISCLASSIFIEDASTALKERRECOGNITIONANDVOICERECOGNITIONANDTHETALKERRECOGNITIONCANBECLASSIFIEDASTWOTYPES,ONEISRELEVANTTOTEXTANDTHEOTHERISIRRELEVANTTOTEXTTHEVOICERECOGNITIONSYSTEMTHATISRELEVANTTOTEXTNEEDSUSERSTOPRONOUNCEACCORDINGTOTHESTATEDCONTENTS,ANDTHENEVERYBODYSSPEECHMODELISBUILTUPACCURATELYBECAUSEIDENTIFICATIONALSONEEDUSERSTOPRONOUNCEACCORDINGTOTHESTATEDCONTENTS,THEEFFECTISVERYGOODTHEVOICERECOGNITIONSYSTEMTHATISIRRELEVANTTOTEXTDOESNTRULEPRONUNCIATIONCONTENTSOFTHETALKERSITISDIFFICULTTOBUILDUPSPEECHMODELSBUTCUSTOMERSMAKEUSEOFTHESYSTEMCONVENIENTLY,ANDITISAPPLIEDWIDELYFROMTHEUSAGE,THESYSTEMCANBECLASSIFIEDASTALKERRECOGNITIONANDTALKERCONFIRMATIONTHEFORMERJUDGESAVOICETHATNEEDSTOBEIDENTIFIEDFROMSEVERALTALKERSTHELATTERJUDGESTHATANIDENTIFIEDVOICECOMESFROMACERTAINTALKERWHETHERORNOTITSOUTPUTONLYHASTWOKINDSOFRESULT,YESORNOTTHECENTRALPROCESSOROFTHISSYSTEMISTHESPCE061ASINGLECHIPTHETALKERCONFIRMATIONTHATISRELEVANTTOTEXTISREALIZEDONTHECHIP,ANDTHENHOMOLOGOUSORDERANDOPERATIONARECARRIEDOUTTHESYSTEMISMAINLYMADEUPOFTALKERIDENTIFICATIONMODULE,GATINGCIRCUITANDDOORLOCKETCINTRAINING,THEVOICEOFTALKERSGETSINTOTHEVOICESIGNALCOLLECTIONCIRCUITTHROUGHAMICROPHONE,ANDTHENTHECOLLECTEDVOICESIGNALSAREPROCESSEDBYTHEVOICEPROCESSINGCIRCUIT,THECHARACTERISTICPARAMETERSOFTALKERSAREDISTILLEDANDSAVEDATLASTTHEDATABASEOFCHARACTERISTICPARAMETERSOFTALKERSISFORMEDINIDENTIFYING,THEVOICETHATNEEDSTOBEIDENTIFIEDISMATCHEDWITHTHEINFORMATIONINTHEDATABASEOFCHARACTERISTICPARAMETERSOFTALKERSOUTPUTCIRCUITSCONTROLTHEGATINGELECTRICALMACHINE,ANDLASTLYTHEDOORLOCKISCONTROLLEDFIGURE1FRAMEOFTHISSYSTEM229MOSTALIKEREFERENCETEMPLATEISFOUNDOUT,THEVOICEISTHEIDENTIFICATIONRESULTAVOICESIGNALSPRETREATMENTTHENOISESSERIOUSLYDISTURBTHEPROCESSINGANDIDENTIFICATIONOFVOICESIGNALS,SOTHENOISESMUSTBEDISPOSEDFIRSTLYTHEINPUTANALOGVOICESIGNALSFROMMICROPHONESMUSTBESAMPLEDANDMEASUREDINORDERTOOBTAINDIGITALVOICESIGNALSBEFORECONVERTINGVOICESIGNALSINTODIGITALSIGNALS,ITISNECESSARYTOFILTERANDCOUNTERDISTURBINFILTERINGTHESIGNALPARTANDNOISESBEYOND1/2SAMPLEFREQUENCYAREFILTEREDTHECLEANVOICESIGNALSAREOBTAINEDLATER,ANDTHENLOWFREQUENCYDISTURBINGISFILTEREDTHROUGHFOREAGGRAVATIONTECHNOLOGY,ESPECIALLYTHEDISTURBINGOF50HZOR60HZTHEHIGHFREQUENCYVOICESIGNALSAREIMPROVEDANDTHEYCANREMOVEDCFLOATING,RESTRAINRANDOMNOISESANDIMPROVETHEFUNCTIONOFENERGYOFCLEANVOICEBCHARACTERISTICDISTILLINGTHESYSTEMADOPTSTHEEVALUATIONMETHODTHATUSESTHECONTRASTVALUEBETWEENDISPERSIONDEGREEOFDIFFERENTSPEAKERSANDSELFDISPERSIONDEGREEOFEACHSPEAKERASCHARACTERISTICPARAMETERSTHEBASICIDEAISTODISTILLGROUPCHARACTERISTICPARAMETERSFROMAVOICESEGMENTOFTHESAMESPEAKER,THATISTOSAYTOMAPTHESEGMENTONADOTOFTHEMULTISPACEDIFFERENTVOICESFROMTHESAMESPEAKERWILLPRODUCEDIFFERENTDOTSINTHECHARACTERISTICSPACETHEFUNCTIONOFMULTIVARIABLEPROBABILITYDENSITYCANDESCRIBETHEDISTRIBUTIONFORDIFFERENTSINGLEPRONUNCIATIONFROMTHESAMESPEAKER,THESEDOTSARERELATIVELYCONCENTRATEDBUTTHEPRONUNCIATIONDISTRIBUTIONFROMDIFFERENTSPEAKERSISAPARTFARTHER,TH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簡(jiǎn)介：RESEARCHOFAHIGHPRECISIONMOTIONCONTROLSYSTEMBASEDONTURBOPMACYANBINGZHANG,SHUNCAIYAOSCHOOLOFINFONNATIONANDCOMMUNICATIONENGINEERING,NORTHUNIVERSITYOFCHINA,TAIYUAN,SHANXI,030051,CHINAZHYBG_1126NUCEDUCNABSTRACTINORDERTOCOMPLETEALLKINDSOFSIMULATIONTESTSOFTHEMOVINGOBJECT,THISPAPERDESIGNEDAHIGHPRECISIONMOTIONCONTROLSYSTEMBASEDONTURBOPMACITSUMMARIZEDTHECHARACTERISTICSOFTURBOPMAC,INTRODUCEDTHECOMPOSINGANDPRINCIPLEOFTHESYSTEM,EMPHATICALLYELUCIDATEDTHECONTROLALGORITHMOFPIDVELOCITYACCELERATIONFEEDFORWARDINORDERTOREDUCETHEPOSITIONINGERROROFTHESYSTEM,LINEARINTERPOLATIONMETHODWASMADETOREALIZELINEARFITTINGBYMEANSOFADJUSTINGPIDCONTROLPARAMETERS,THESYSTEMGOTTHEGOODSTEADYSTATECHARACTERISTICSANDDYNAMICCHARACTERISTICTHETESTRESULTSSHOWTHATTHESYSTEMISEXCELLENTINOPERATIONWITHSTABLEPERFORMANCEKEYWORDSTURBOPMACMOTIONCONTROLPIDLINEARINTERPOLATIONIINTRODUCTIONINORDERTOCOMPLETEALLKINDSOFSIMULATIONTESTSOFTHEMOVINGOBJECT,THEACCURATETRACTIONCONTROLMUSTBEACHIEVEDTHEOBJECTSHOULDFOLLOWTHESPEEDANDTRACKPLANNEDMOVETOTHEDESIGNATEDPLACEUNDERTHECONTROLOFTHECOMPUTERLWITHTHERAPIDDEVELOPMENTOFMODEMINDUSTRIALTECHNOLOGY,THEMOTIONCONTROLSYSTEMISMOREANDMOREOFTENAPPLIEDTOELECTRONICSASSEMBLY,ULTRAPRECISIONMACHINING,PACKAGE,NANOTECHNOLOGYANDOTHERPROCESSINGINDUSTRIESINDIFFERENTFIELDSITISASMART,HIGHEFFICIENCY,ANDACCURATE,ANDISELEVATINGTHELEVELOFAUTOMATIONASATYPICALCONTROLALGORITHM,PIDISWIDELYAPPLIEDININDUSTRYTHEPIDCONTROLLERHASBEINGSTUDIEDFORABOUT80YEARSBYNOW,ITBECOMESONEOFINDUSTRYCONTROLMAINTECHNOLOGYBECAUSEITSSIMPLESTRUCTURE,WELLSTABILITYANDCREDIBILITYWORKTHISPAPERRESEARCHEDAOPENTYPEMOTIONCONTROLSYSTEMBASEDONTURBOPMAC,WHICHADOPTEDTHECONTROLALGORITHMOFPIDVELOCITY/ACCELERATIONFEEDFORWARDINORDERTOREDUCETHEPOSITIONINGERROR,LINEARFITTINGWASAPPLIEDTOTHECURVEOFOBJECTIVEDISPLACEMENTBYLINEARINTERPOLATIONMETHODIIHARDWAREDESIGNOFMOTIONCONTROLSYSTEMATHESTRUCTUREANDWORKINGPRINCIPLEOFTHESYSTEMTHESYSTEMUSESPCASTHEBASEPLATFONN,MAINLYINCLUDINGMOTIONCONTROLCARD,SERVODRIVER,SERVOMOTOR,WORKBENCHANDFEEDBACKASSEMBLYTHESTRUCTUREDIAGRAMISSHOWNINFIGITHEMOTIONCONTROLCARDADOPTSOPENTYPEMULTIAXISMOTIONCONTROLLERTURBOPMACPCILITEPRODUCEDBYTHEAMERICANDELTATAUCOMPANYPCSENDSALLKINDSOFCONTROLCOMMANDSBYMEANSOFSUPERVISIONSOFTWARE,ANDSERVOMOTORCANBECONTROLLEDBYPMACTHE9781424455409/10/2600?2010IEEE39DIGITALSERVOAMPLIFIERS620ANDAKM52KPRODUCEDBYTHEAMERICANDANAHERMOTIONCOMPANYARESELECTEDASTHESERVODRIVERANDTHESERVOMOTORTHEOBJECTFOLLOWSTHESPEEDANDTRACKPLANNEDMOVETOTHEDESIGNATEDPLACEBYWIREROPEGEARINGUNDERTHEACTIONOFAKM52KTHECLOSED-LOOPSYSTEMCANFEEDBACKTHEDISPLACEMENT,VELOCITYANDACCELERATIONOFTHEMOTORANDTHEOBJECTBYTHERESOLVERANDTHEACCELEROMETER?2?3_2/_?_5____?PCLFIGUREITHESYSTEMBLOCKDIAGRAMBTURBOPMACPCLLITETURBOPMACPCILITE,WHOSECOREISADIGITALSIGNALPROCESSORDSP56303,CANACHIEVEMOTIONCONTROL,LOGICALCONTROL,DISPOSITIONOFRESOURCES,INTERACTIONWITHHOST,ETCITISAMEMBEROFTHETURBOPMACFAMILYOFBOARDSOPTIMIZEDFORINTERFACETOTRADITIONALSERVODRIVESWITHSINGLEANALOGINPUTSREPRESENTINGVELOCITYORTORQUECOMMANDSITSSOFTWAREISCAPABLEOF32AXESOFCONTROLITCANHAVEUPTOFOURCHANNELSOFONBOARDAXISINTERFACECIRCUITRYITCANALSOSUPPORTUPTO32CHANNELSOFOFFBOARDAXISINTERFACECIRCUITRYTHROUGHITSEXPANSIONPORTTHETURBOPMACPCILITEISAFULLSIZEDPCIBUSEXPANSIONCARDWHILETHETURBOPMACPCILITEISCAPABLEOFPCIBUSCOMMUNICATIONS,WITHORWITHOUTTHEOPTIONALDUALPORTEDRAM,ITDOESNOTNEEDTOBEINSERTEDINTOAPCIEXPANSIONSLOTCOMMUNICATIONSCANBEDONETHROUGHANRS232ORRS422SERIALPORTSTANDALONEOPERATIONISPOSSIBLE2CSERVODRIVERANDSERVOMOTORAKM52KPROVIDESAVERYHIGHTORQUE,DENSITYANDACCELERATEDVELOCITY,SOITCANMEETTHEDEMANDSOFHIGH-SPEEDAPPLICATIONTHEELECTRICALSPECIFICATIONSOFAKM52KARESHOWNINTABLE1?PIDLMERACLLVERML?IOTORL?IQ??P,ESENIPIOTETLLISLEPMOVEI““““IMPLEMENLAUIOTUOINGGMR,10001301PJ?,SLEPSIZEICISJI““IXL311DJ?IMPLEMENIONGMIGTNI?I““LSILLT,“ELJI““1311?IJ?PIOOI??RTIECTIMJSEM1331IJI“RPOSITIONSTEP13111NJRO135I11JRRPOSITIONRAMPRPBLBBOLICYELOCITTOOA?LEPMOVE119P0ORTLBPEZOIDALYELOCITTRILN?OIALLETSLEPNOVE169?I““RSCURVEYELOCITTRMOVENONEDIECLIONIGO168111RORSINUSOIDALIFOO“RSINESWEEPRZOORUSERDEFINED1?,RIJATISPNENABLENOL?11H?CHFILETILOWPIIFETIIN1C?UL?OICLCULL?I?ILEILIIIJN?CHLLOWPIIFIRET?ELUP??NOLCHLLOWP,“FILLETLNACLIVEFIGURE3THEPIDPARAMETERADJUSTMENTINTERFACEOFPMACTUNINGPRO14OR?““1?TT1,___J__L__L___J__J__L__L__1___I1_1____1______1____1__1___1___I111111I1III1I11RR11R“11“ITT,TT1II11FIGURE4THERESPONSECURVEOFPOSITIONSTEPFIGURESTHERESPONSECURVEOFPARABOLICVELOCITY41CTHECOMMUNICATIONBETWEENPCANDPMACPMACCANCOMMUNICATEWITHTHEUPPERWINDOWSAPPLICATIONSTHROUGHPCOMM32,WHICHISACOMMUNICATIONDRIVEROFFERDBYDELTATAUCORPORATIONPCOMM32CONSISTSOFPMACDLL,PMACSYS,PMACVXDITISAVERYEFFECTIVEDEVELOPMENTTOOLANDHASGOODCOMPATIBILITYWITHDELPHI6THISSYSTEMACHIEVESTHECOMMUNICATIONBETWEENPCANDPMACBYUSINGPCOMM32DYNAMICLINKLIBRARYFUNCTIONSTHEMONITORINGSOFTWAREDEVELOPEDWITHDELPHICANACHIEVEMOTIONCONTROL,DATAACQUISITIONANDSTATEFULINSPECTIONDMOTIONPROGRAMCONTROLMODULEINPRACTICALAPPLICATIONS,THETRAJECTORIESOFTHEMOVINGOBJECTAREDIFFICULTTOEXPRESSBYFORMULASINORDERTOIMPROVECONTROLPRECISION,WEMAYDIVIDETHETRAJECTORIEACCORDINGTOTHEIRCURVATURE,ANDAPPLYLINEARINTERPOLATIONMETHODTOFITTHETHETRAJECTORIESVTL1VV,TIMTLTLV2_VVFAF112/VWIT2FIGURE6PVTMODECONTOURING2TTINWTFORTHEUSERWHODESIRESMOREDIRECTCONTROLOVERTHETRAJECTORYPROFILE,PMACOFFERSPOSITIONVELOCITYTIMEPVTMODEMOVESINTHESEMOVES,THEAXISSTATESARESPECIFIEDDIRECTLYATTHETRANSITIONSBETWEENMOVESTHISREQUIRESMORECALCULATIONBYTHEHOST,BUTALLOWSTIGHTERCONTROLOFTHEPROFILESHAPEFOREACHPIECEOFAMOVE,SPECIFYTHEENDPOSITIONORDISTANCE,THEENDVELOCITY,ANDTHE

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簡(jiǎn)介：PROCEDIAENGINEERING100201574–8318777058?2015THEAUTHORSPUBLISHEDBYELSEVIERLTDTHISISANOPENACCESSARTICLEUNDERTHECCBYNCNDLICENSEHTTP//CREATIVECOMMONSORG/LICENSES/BYNCND/40/PEERREVIEWUNDERRESPONSIBILITYOFDAAAMINTERNATIONALVIENNADOI101016/JPROENG201501344SCIENCEDIRECTAVAILABLEONLINEATWWWSCIENCEDIRECTCOM25THDAAAMINTERNATIONALSYMPOSIUMONINTELLIGENTMANUFACTURINGANDAUTOMATION,DAAAM2014COMPARATIVEANALYSISOFEXTRUSIONPROCESSESBYFINITEELEMENTANALYSISAGARCíADOMíNGUEZ,JCLAVER,AMCAMACHO,MASEBASTIáNDEPARTMENTOFMANUFACTURINGENGINEERING,UNIVERSIDADNACIONALDEEDUCACIóNADISTANCIAUNED,C/JUANDELROSAL12,MADRID,28040,SPAINABSTRACTEXTRUSIONPROCESSESAREQUITEEXTENDEDINTHEMANUFACTURINGOFLONGPRODUCTSFORAWIDERANGEOFINDUSTRIALAPPLICATIONSTHEREAREDIFFERENTAPPROACHESOFEXTRUSIONPROCESSES,DEPENDINGONEITHERTHEFINALSHAPEOFTHEPRODUCTTOOBTAINORTHEMAXIMUMLOADINGCAPACITYOFTHEEQUIPMENTTOBEUSEDTHISWORKPRESENTSACOMPARATIVESTUDYOFEXTRUSIONPROCESSESSOLIDANDCUPEXTRUSION,CONSIDERINGBOTHDIRECTANDINDIRECTFORMINGCONDITIONSANDSHOWINGTHEMOSTINTERESTINGDIFFERENCESBETWEENTHEMTHECOMPARISONISREALIZEDBYFINITEELEMENTSIMULATIONOFTHEPROCESSES,USINGTHECODEDEFORMF2THEMATERIALISALOWCARBONSTEELAISI1010ANDTHESAMEEXTRUSIONRATIOANDRAMDISPLACEMENTARECONSIDEREDINALLCASESBYCOMPARINGTHEREQUIREDFORCESITCANBECONCLUDEDTHATREQUIREDLOADSAREHIGHERINCUPEXTRUSIONPROCESSESTHANINSOLIDEXTRUSIONONESREGARDINGTHEFRICTIONLOAD,THEMAXIMUMCONTRIBUTIONDUETOTHEDIEBILLETCONTACTINCUPEXTRUSIONISMUCHHIGHERTHANINTHECASEOFSOLIDEXTRUSIONONTHECONTRARY,THEMAXIMUMFRICTIONLOADCONTRIBUTIONDUETOTHECONTAINERWALLISMUCHHIGHERINTHECASEOFSOLIDEXTRUSIONTHANINCUPEXTRUSION?2015THEAUTHORSPUBLISHEDBYELSEVIERLTDPEERREVIEWUNDERRESPONSIBILITYOFDAAAMINTERNATIONALVIENNAKEYWORDSEXTRUSIONFRICTIONDIRECTINDIRECTFEM1INTRODUCTIONEXTRUSIONPROCESSESAREONEOFMOSTEXTENDEDPROCESSESUSEDINTHEMANUFACTURINGOFLONGPRODUCTSFORAWIDERANGEOFINDUSTRIALAPPLICATIONSTHEREAREDIFFERENTAPPROACHESOFEXTRUSIONPROCESSES,DEPENDINGONFACTORSSUCHASTHEFINALSHAPEOFTHEPRODUCTTOOBTAINORTHEMAXIMUMLOADINGCAPACITYOFTHEEQUIPMENTTOBEUSED1EXTRUSIONPROCESSESCANALSOBEDIVIDEDINTODIRECT/FORWARDANDINDIRECT/BACKWARD/REVERSEONESINDIRECTCORRESPONDINGAUTHORTEL34913988660FAX34913986460EMAILADDRESSAMCAMACHOINDUNEDES?2015THEAUTHORSPUBLISHEDBYELSEVIERLTDTHISISANOPENACCESSARTICLEUNDERTHECCBYNCNDLICENSEHTTP//CREATIVECOMMONSORG/LICENSES/BYNCND/40/PEERREVIEWUNDERRESPONSIBILITYOFDAAAMINTERNATIONALVIENNA76AGARCíADOMíNGUEZETAL/PROCEDIAENGINEERING100201574–83SECTIONOFEACHCASEISMODELLEDFORALLTHECASESTHEWORKPIECEISCYLINDRICALWITHANINITIALRADIUSOF5MMAND10MMINHEIGHTTHECROSSSECTIONALAREAOFTHEFINALEXTRUSIONISALSOTHESAMEINALLCASESTHUS,FORALLTHEEXTRUSIONPROCESSESCONSIDERED,THEEXTRUSIONRATIOISTHESAME,DEFINEDASTHERATIOBETWEENTHEINITIALANDTHEFINALCROSSSECTIONALAREA,ASINDICATEDINEQUATION1???????1FIG1GEOMETRICSKETCHESFORDIRECTEXTRUSIONFIG2GEOMETRICSKETCHESFORINDIRECTEXTRUSIONONCETHEGEOMETRICALCONDITIONSFORALLTHECASESHAVEBEENDEFINED,NEWPARAMETERSMUSTBEIMPLEMENTEDINTOTHESOFTWAREUSEDTHEREBY,ALLTHESIMULATEDEXTRUSIONSCORRESPONDWITHCOLDFORMINGCONDITIONSANDTHEMATERIALOFTHEBILLETSISALOWCARBONSTEEL,CONCRETELYAISI1010THISSTEELISWIDELYUSEDINEXTRUSIONPROCESSESASITPRESENTSGOODFORMABILITY

簡(jiǎn)介：CONDITIONASSESSMENTOFELASTICBEARINGSUPPORTSUSINGVIBRATIONDATAMOATASEMMFAYYADH?,HABDULRAZAKDEPARTMENTOFCIVILENGINEERING,UNIVERSITYOFMALAYA,50603KUALALUMPUR,MALAYSIAARTICLEINFOARTICLEHISTORYRECEIVED22JUNE2011RECEIVEDINREVISEDFORM21NOVEMBER2011ACCEPTED7DECEMBER2011AVAILABLEONLINE11JANUARY2012KEYWORDSSUPPORTCONDITIONSELASTICRUBBERBEARINGNATURALFREQUENCYMODESHAPEREINFORCEDCONCRETEGIRDERSABSTRACTTHEPERFORMANCEOFSTRUCTURESSUCHASBRIDGES,MACHINEFOUNDATIONSANDBASEISOLATEDBUILDINGSAREVERYMUCHAFFECTEDBYTHECONDITIONOFTHEIRELASTICBEARINGSUPPORTS,WHICHEVENTUALLYDETERIORATEDUETOWEARANDTEARORWHICHCANBEDAMAGEDDURINGTHESERVICELIFEOFTHESTRUCTUREINTHISSTUDY,THEDYNAMICPARAMETERS,NAMELYNATURALFREQUENCIESANDMODESHAPESAREUSEDTODETECTTHEDETERIORATIONOFTHEELASTICBEARINGSUPPORTSOFASIMPLYSUPPORTEDBRIDGEGIRDERFORTHISPURPOSE,FORCEVIBRATIONTESTINGWASCONDUCTEDONAREINFORCEDCONCRETEBRIDGEGIRDERSUPPORTEDATTHEENDSBYRUBBERBEARINGSTOSIMULATETHEACTUALCONDITIONSINABRIDGEDECKTHREEDIFFERENTLEVELSOFDETERIORATIONSWEREINVESTIGATEDNAMELYTHATOFNODETERIORATION,PARTIALDETERIORATION,ANDFULLDETERIORATION,WHEREBYRUBBERWITHDIFFERENTSTIFFNESSWASUSEDTOSIMULATETHEDIFFERENTDETERIORATIONLEVELSVIBRATIONDATAWEREOBTAINEDFORTWOCASESIEANUNDAMAGEDGIRDERANDADAMAGEDGIRDERAFTERBEINGSUBJECTEDTOALOADEXCEEDINGITSSERVICELIMITFORFLEXUREADIRECTRELATIONSHIPWASOBSERVEDBETWEENTHEDYNAMICPARAMETERSANDTHEELASTICBEARINGSTIFFNESSBASEDONTHERESULTSOBTAINEDINTHISSTUDY,THENATURALFREQUENCYOFMODE3ISAGOODINDICATOROFTHEDETERIORATIONINELASTICBEARINGSUPPORTCONDITIONSWHILEMODE1ISTHEMOSTSENSITIVETOCHANGESINSUPPORTCONDITIONSTHEMODALASSURANCECRITERIAMACINDEXCANBEAUSEFULINDICATORTOIDENTIFYDIFFERENTCAUSESOFDETERIORATIONINTHESTRUCTURALSYSTEMINORDERTOCONFIRMANDVERIFYTHEOBSERVATIONS,FURTHERTESTSWERECONDUCTEDONADIFFERENTBEAMWITHMOREDETERIORATIONLEVELSINTHEELASTICBEARINGSTIFFNESSTHERESULTSSUPPORTTHEDEDUCTIONSMADEREGARDINGMACANDBENDINGFREQUENCIES?2011ELSEVIERLTDALLRIGHTSRESERVED1INTRODUCTIONHEALTHMONITORINGOFENGINEERINGSTRUCTURESHASGAINEDALOTOFINTERESTOVERTHELASTFEWYEARSMANYENGINEERINGSTRUCTURESSUFFERDAMAGEANDDETERIORATIONWHENEXPOSEDTOVARIOUSLOADINGANDENVIRONMENTALCHANGESDURINGTHEIRLIFETIMETHISSERIOUSLYAFFECTSSTRUCTURALPERFORMANCEANDMAYEVENLEADTOCATASTROPHICSTRUCTURALFAILURESTHUS,INSPECTIONANDTESTINGOFSTRUCTURALCOMPONENTSFORDETERIORATIONANDDAMAGEISESSENTIALWHENDECIDINGONTHEMAINTENANCEANDREPAIRSTRATEGIESFORATRISKSTRUCTURESACURRENTALTERNATIVEAPPROACHTOCONVENTIONALSTRUCTURALTESTINGMETHODSISDYNAMICTESTING,WHICHACQUIRESMODALPARAMETERSANDRELATESTHESETOTHEHEALTHSTATUSOFASTRUCTURETHEFUNDAMENTALIDEAUNDERLYINGTHEDYNAMICAPPROACHISTHATMODALPARAMETERS,NAMELYNATURALFREQUENCY,MODESHAPE,ANDMODALDAMPING,AREFUNCTIONSOFPHYSICALPROPERTIESOFTHESTRUCTURE,SUCHASMASS,DAMPING,STIFFNESSANDTHESUPPORTCONDITIONSTHEREFORE,ANYCHANGEINTHEPHYSICALPROPERTIESORSUPPORTCONDITIONSCAUSESDETECTABLECHANGESINTHEMODALPARAMETERSELASTICBEARINGPADSAREWIDELYUSEDFORSUPPORTINGBRIDGEGIRDERS,ANDASBASEISOLATIONOFTALLBUILDINGSTOREDUCESEISMICDEMANDTHEBEARINGSAREEXPOSEDTOVARIOUSLOADINGCONDITIONSANDENVIRONMENTALCHANGESWHICHCAUSEDETERIORATIONOFITSSTIFFNESSWITHTIMEMONITORINGOFCHANGESINELASTICBEARINGSTIFFNESSISVERYIMPORTANTINENSURINGTIMELYMAINTENANCEORREPLACEMENTTOPREVENTOCCURRENCEOFANYSERIOUSDAMAGETOTHESTRUCTURESEVERALSTUDIESONTHEUSEOFTHEMODALPARAMETERSASANINDICATORFORDAMAGEIDENTIFICATIONHAVEBEENCONDUCTEDSOMEOFTHESESTUDIESWERECONCERNEDWITHISSUESRELATEDTOUSEOFTHESEMODALPARAMETERSINDETERMININGTHEMAGNITUDEANDLOCALISATIONOFDAMAGEBASEDONTHERELATIONSHIPBETWEENDYNAMICANDPHYSICALPROPERTIES,ANDCONCLUDEDTHATMODALPARAMETERSAREGOODINDICATORSFORDAMAGEDETECTION1–7ABDULRAZAKANDCHOI8INVESTIGATEDTHEEFFECTOFSTEELCORROSIONONTHENATURALFREQUENCIESOFRCBEAMSTHEAUTHORSCONCLUDEDTHATTHEFIRSTNATURALFREQUENCYFORTHERCBEAMWITHALOWERCORROSIONLEVELDECREASEDBY1,WHILEFORTHERCBEAMWITHAHIGHERCORROSIONLEVELTHEDECREASEWAS4ANDDEDUCEDTHATTHEBONDATTHESTEEL–CONCRETEINTERFACEPLAYEDASIGNIFICANTEFFECTISMAIL9INVESTIGATEDTHEEFFECTOFCRACKDAMAGEINRCBEAMONITSNATURALFREQUENCIESFLEXURALCRACKDAMAGEWASINDUCEDBYAPPLYINGLOADATTHEMIDSPANOFTHEBEAMFORTHREELOADINGCYCLESACOMPARISONWASMADEBASEDONTHEDATUMFREQUENCIESBEFOREAPPLYINGTHELOADTOTHEBEAMSITWASFOUNDTHATTHEFREQUENCIESWEREREDUCEDFORALLTHE09500618/SEEFRONTMATTER?2011ELSEVIERLTDALLRIGHTSRESERVEDDOI101016/JCONBUILDMAT201112043?CORRESPONDINGAUTHOREMAILADDRESSESMOATASEMMFGMAILCOMMMFAYYADH,HASHIMUMEDUMYHABDULRAZAKCONSTRUCTIONANDBUILDINGMATERIALS302012616–628CONTENTSLISTSAVAILABLEATSCIVERSESCIENCEDIRECTCONSTRUCTIONANDBUILDINGMATERIALSJOURNALHOMEPAGEWWWELSEVIERCOM/LOCATE/CONBUILDMATBYSUBSTITUTINGEQ5INTOEQ7,THEFOLLOWINGRELATIONISFOUND21FN??FN?1EI??DEITD8TWHICHIMPLIESTHATACHANGEINFLEXURALRIGIDITYEICONTRIBUTEDTODOUBLINGTHECHANGEINNATURALFREQUENCYTHISDIRECTLYRELATESTHECHANGEINTHESTIFFNESSTOTHECHANGEINTHEFREQUENCYWITHANASSUMPTIONOFVALIDITYFORLINEARANDNONLINEARSTRUCTURALSYSTEMSTHEFREQUENCYBASEDSTIFFNESSINDEXCANBEDEFINEDASFREQUENCYBASEDSTIFFNESSINDEX?21?FIDIC???100D9TWHEREFI,CANDFI,DARETHENATURALFREQUENCYATITHMODEFORCONTROLANDDAMAGEDBEAM,RESPECTIVELY3EXPERIMENTALSETUPINORDERTOIN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簡(jiǎn)介：畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯院系系土木工程與建筑系年級(jí)專年級(jí)專業(yè)業(yè)土木工程專業(yè)姓名名學(xué)號(hào)號(hào)附件件NANOTECHNOLOGYINCIVILENGINEERING指導(dǎo)老師評(píng)語指導(dǎo)教師簽名年月日2一、簡(jiǎn)介一、簡(jiǎn)介A．背景．背景作為建筑行業(yè)的人肯定都對(duì)獲得原材料，把它們組合在一起然后把它們構(gòu)建成一個(gè)可識(shí)別的形式的概念非常熟悉。建筑成品是一個(gè)被動(dòng)的物體。隨著環(huán)境影響和項(xiàng)目業(yè)主的濫用它的功能在慢慢衰退。建筑絕不是一門新的科學(xué)或技術(shù)，但在其歷史上已經(jīng)發(fā)生了很大的變化。同樣，納米技術(shù)也不是一門新的科學(xué)和技術(shù)，而更可以說是一個(gè)擴(kuò)展的科學(xué)和技術(shù)。粒子的大小是關(guān)鍵因素，在納米技術(shù)中（任何事物，從一百或者更多下降到幾納米，或109M）大大的改變了材料的特性。另一個(gè)重要方面是，作為納米尺寸的粒子，在表面上原子的比例相對(duì)于內(nèi)部增加會(huì)產(chǎn)生新的屬性。正是這些“納米效應(yīng)”，最終確定了我們所熟悉的“宏觀”的所有屬性，這正是納米技術(shù)的力量來源如果我們可以在納米尺寸上操縱元素，那就可以影響其宏觀性質(zhì)，并產(chǎn)生新材料和新工藝。B．什么是納米．什么是納米納米，希臘文中”侏儒”的意思。一納米是一米的十億分之一?！奔{米技術(shù)”的定義有很多，但一般是指在01100NM尺度的空間內(nèi)來研究理解物質(zhì)。控制在納米尺寸上的意義與重要性是在這種范圍內(nèi)不同的物理定律發(fā)揮作用（量子物理學(xué)）。接近納米級(jí)的方法有兩種從上而下收縮，或者自下而上發(fā)展?！白陨隙隆钡姆椒ㄐ枰獙⒔Y(jié)構(gòu)通過加工和蝕刻技術(shù)減小到最小納米級(jí)尺寸，而“自下而上”的方法通常被稱為分子納米技術(shù)，意味著控制或定向原子和分子的組合來創(chuàng)建結(jié)構(gòu)3。C．建筑納米技術(shù)．建筑納米技術(shù)20世紀(jì)90年代7初英國(guó)的德爾菲調(diào)查顯示建筑行業(yè)是唯一一個(gè)確定納米技術(shù)具有廣大前景的新興技術(shù)的行業(yè)。瑞典和英國(guó)建筑報(bào)告89中也強(qiáng)調(diào)了納米技術(shù)的重要性。此外，預(yù)制混凝土及混凝土制品被確定為在1015年間可能會(huì)受到納米技術(shù)影響的40個(gè)行業(yè)領(lǐng)域之首6。然而，建筑行業(yè)的發(fā)展滯后于其他工業(yè)部門，由此納米技術(shù)的研究吸引了大型工業(yè)企業(yè)和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資家的濃厚興趣和投資。意識(shí)到納米技術(shù)在建筑行業(yè)的巨大潛力和重要性，在2002年年底，歐盟委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn)撥款給成長(zhǎng)工程GMA1200272160”NANOCINEX”建立一個(gè)納米技術(shù)在建筑結(jié)