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簡(jiǎn)介：當(dāng)前貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義的新特點(diǎn)及我國(guó)應(yīng)對(duì)策略研究摘要在世界經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的大趨勢(shì)下,自由貿(mào)易一直占據(jù)主流地位。金融危機(jī)爆發(fā)后,保護(hù)貿(mào)易再度登場(chǎng),并在國(guó)際貿(mào)易中扮演越來(lái)越重要的角色。受當(dāng)前國(guó)際環(huán)境中不穩(wěn)定性因素的影響,世界經(jīng)濟(jì)出現(xiàn)乏力增長(zhǎng)。新興國(guó)家的崛起和中國(guó)地位提升改變了當(dāng)前的政治經(jīng)濟(jì)格局,使?fàn)帄Z世界利益的主體更加復(fù)雜化、多元化。失業(yè)問(wèn)題和2012大選疊加也給各國(guó)帶來(lái)巨大政治壓力這些因素都促使得貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義再度抬頭,并且得到升級(jí)創(chuàng)新。在其使用工具、保護(hù)的領(lǐng)域范圍和實(shí)施保護(hù)的形式、主體等方面都出現(xiàn)新的特點(diǎn)、新的發(fā)展。因此,對(duì)當(dāng)前貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義的新特點(diǎn)、新發(fā)展進(jìn)行全面、深入的分析,從而制定出適當(dāng)?shù)膽?yīng)對(duì)策略,對(duì)我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)和貿(mào)易發(fā)展都有深遠(yuǎn)的意義。自我國(guó)加入WTO以來(lái),一直都是世界各國(guó)實(shí)施貿(mào)易保護(hù)的重點(diǎn)對(duì)象,這次也不例外。這除了與當(dāng)前國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境有關(guān)外,也有中國(guó)自身的發(fā)展原因。伴隨著中國(guó)改革開(kāi)放的深入及中國(guó)的和平崛起,貿(mào)易摩擦、貿(mào)易糾紛等都將成為中國(guó)對(duì)外貿(mào)易的“必經(jīng)之路“。中國(guó)的崛起和快速發(fā)展也使中國(guó)面臨的貿(mào)易保護(hù)情況更加復(fù)雜,在涉案的領(lǐng)域和產(chǎn)生糾紛的主體等方面都有不斷擴(kuò)大的趨勢(shì)。此外,西方發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家為促進(jìn)本國(guó)產(chǎn)品出口,開(kāi)始對(duì)我國(guó)體制和制度等方面進(jìn)行指責(zé)、干預(yù)。這無(wú)疑使我國(guó)面臨更加復(fù)雜的國(guó)際環(huán)境,阻礙我國(guó)發(fā)展。為研究如何應(yīng)對(duì)當(dāng)前貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義,本文先從歷史各時(shí)期的貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義理論入手,用案例分析與數(shù)據(jù)分析相結(jié)合的方法,全面、深入的分析當(dāng)前貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義的新特點(diǎn)、產(chǎn)生的原因及對(duì)我國(guó)的影響。根據(jù)這些研究,制定出政府、行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)、企業(yè)三個(gè)層面的應(yīng)對(duì)策略。首先,政府應(yīng)積極參與到國(guó)際事務(wù)中去,為我國(guó)對(duì)外貿(mào)易發(fā)展?fàn)I造一個(gè)良好的國(guó)際氛圍。其次,行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)應(yīng)充分發(fā)揮自身功能,做好政府與企業(yè)的橋梁作用。再次,企業(yè)要全面提升應(yīng)對(duì)當(dāng)前貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義的能力。最后,在我國(guó)積極應(yīng)對(duì)國(guó)外貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義時(shí),還要注意到反補(bǔ)貼日益增多、體制制度干預(yù)等方面的問(wèn)題,并妥善處理,避免為日后對(duì)外貿(mào)易留下隱患。關(guān)鍵詞國(guó)際貿(mào)易貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義貿(mào)易摩擦新特點(diǎn)策略ASTHERESEARCHONHOWTODEALWITHTHETRADEPROTECTIONISM,THISPAPERFIRSTFROMTHEPERIODOFHISTORYTHEORYOFTRADE,WITHCASEANALYSISANDDATAANALYSISI,THEMETHODOFCOMBININGTHEALLROUNDANDINDEPTHANALYSISOFTHECURRENTTRADEPROTECTIONISMOFNEWFEATURESANDNEWDEVELOPMENTANDITSCAUSESISINACCORDINGTOTHESTUDY,WORKOUTTHEGOVERNMENT,THENDUSTRYASSOCIATION,THEENTERPRISEFROMTHETHREEASPECTSOFSTRATEGYFIRST,THEGOVERNMENTSHOULDACTIVELYPARTICIPATEININTERNATIONALAFFAIRS,CHINASFOREIGNTRADEDEVELOPMENTTOCREATEAFAVORABLEINTERNATIONALENVIRONMENTSECOND,THEINDUSTRYASSOCIATIONSHALLGIVEFULLPLAYTOITSOWNFUNCTIONS,COMPLETESTHEGOVERNMENTANDENTERPRISEBRIDGEONCEAGAIN,THEENTERPRISEMUSTSTRENGTHENTHEDEVELOPMENTOFITSELF,FROMCOMPLETELYOVERCOMEFOREIGNPROTECTIONISMFINALLY,INOURCOUNTRYACTIVELYRESPONDTOFOREIGNTRADEPROTECTIONISM,BUTMUSTPAYATTENTIONTOTHEINCREASINGSUBSIDIES,SYSTEMWITH,ANDPROPERLYHANDLE,AVOIDLEFTHIDDENTROUBLEFORFUTUREDEVELOPMENTKEYWORDSINTERNATIONALTRADETRADEPROTECTIONISMTRADEFRICTIONNEWFEATURESSTRATEGY

簡(jiǎn)介：摘要本次編制的施工組織設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容根據(jù)建設(shè)單位提供的施工圖紙、施工規(guī)范、行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及公司的企業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行編制。隨著工程的進(jìn)行和深入情況，本施工組織設(shè)計(jì)不完善的方面，我部將編制的專(zhuān)業(yè)施工方案進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充，并另行上報(bào)審批。同時(shí)提前編制各專(zhuān)項(xiàng)施工方案及時(shí)上報(bào)審批，對(duì)施工實(shí)際情況所要做的相應(yīng)的調(diào)整，將在以后施工方案中進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。關(guān)鍵詞關(guān)鍵詞施工組織工程管理2目錄摘要0ABSTRACTABSTRACT11工程概況工程概況51111工程設(shè)計(jì)概況工程設(shè)計(jì)概況51212地質(zhì)概況地質(zhì)概況52工程目標(biāo)工程目標(biāo)62121施工工期目標(biāo)施工工期目標(biāo)62222施工質(zhì)量目標(biāo)施工質(zhì)量目標(biāo)62323安全施工目標(biāo)安全施工目標(biāo)62424文明施工目標(biāo)文明施工目標(biāo)62525科技進(jìn)步目標(biāo)科技進(jìn)步目標(biāo)63編制依據(jù)及范圍編制依據(jù)及范圍_84工程施工部署工程施工部署94141工程施工部署總原則工程施工部署總原則94242工程施工管理組織工程施工管理組織10104343項(xiàng)目施工任務(wù)項(xiàng)目施工任務(wù)95施工準(zhǔn)備工作施工準(zhǔn)備工作12125151技術(shù)準(zhǔn)備技術(shù)準(zhǔn)備12126主要分部分項(xiàng)工程的施工方法主要分部分項(xiàng)工程的施工方法17176161施工測(cè)量工程施工測(cè)量工程1717611測(cè)定儀器的檢定降水5612建筑物平面控制網(wǎng)的測(cè)設(shè)57主要施工工藝主要施工工藝17177171土方工程土方工程1212711基坑降水5712土方開(kāi)挖念5723土方回填57272鋼結(jié)構(gòu)工程鋼結(jié)構(gòu)工程12127373鋼筋工程鋼筋工程1212731施工準(zhǔn)備工作5732材料進(jìn)場(chǎng)與檢驗(yàn)5733鋼筋的連接5DOCUMENTTITLE

簡(jiǎn)介：摘要根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)單位提供的學(xué)校（教學(xué)樓）建筑施工圖與結(jié)構(gòu)施工圖，結(jié)合工程實(shí)際情況及招標(biāo)文件要求，依據(jù)建設(shè)工程工程量清單計(jì)價(jià)規(guī)范GB505002003、四川省2004建設(shè)工程工程量清單計(jì)算規(guī)則及計(jì)價(jià)定額，對(duì)該工程進(jìn)行計(jì)量和投標(biāo)報(bào)價(jià)，得結(jié)論1通過(guò)計(jì)算清單工程量，得出該工程的總建筑面積工程量清單為342931M2和建筑施工圖設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明中，工程概況第二條項(xiàng)目總建筑面積為34379M2，兩者相差859M2相差數(shù)據(jù)較為合理，因此該清單工程量計(jì)算結(jié)果較為準(zhǔn)確，可以作為招標(biāo)文件的編制依據(jù)。2通過(guò)計(jì)算所得工程量清單，使用青山清單計(jì)價(jià)軟件編制工程量清單，其中分部分項(xiàng)工程量清單共計(jì)45個(gè)清單項(xiàng)目，軟件計(jì)算所得結(jié)果較為符合工程實(shí)際；工程項(xiàng)目所需措施項(xiàng)目均有考慮。3通過(guò)使用青山清單計(jì)價(jià)軟件編制工程量清單計(jì)價(jià)表，得出投標(biāo)總價(jià)為287449648元，其中分部分項(xiàng)工程量計(jì)價(jià)總價(jià)為240166419元，措施項(xiàng)目清單計(jì)價(jià)總價(jià)為30156834元，規(guī)費(fèi)清單計(jì)價(jià)總價(jià)為7394120元，工程定額測(cè)定費(fèi)總價(jià)為361033，稅金總價(jià)為93712425元，軟件計(jì)算所得結(jié)果較為符合實(shí)際。4其中工程材料價(jià)格按照2009年8月九寨溝縣和阿壩州最新材料價(jià)格表進(jìn)行調(diào)整（九寨溝縣材料價(jià)格優(yōu)先選取）。關(guān)鍵詞關(guān)鍵詞工程預(yù)算文件，投標(biāo)，工程量單位工程費(fèi)匯總表60分部分項(xiàng)工程量清單及計(jì)價(jià)表61措施項(xiàng)目清單及計(jì)價(jià)表（一）71措施項(xiàng)目清單及計(jì)價(jià)表（二）72其他項(xiàng)目清單及計(jì)價(jià)表73零星工作項(xiàng)目清單及計(jì)價(jià)表74規(guī)費(fèi)清單及計(jì)價(jià)表75分部分項(xiàng)工程量清單綜合單價(jià)分析表76主要材料價(jià)格表904結(jié)論935參考文獻(xiàn)956附錄967致謝97

簡(jiǎn)介：本科學(xué)生畢業(yè)論文本科學(xué)生畢業(yè)論文題目淺析企業(yè)文化在人力資源管理中的影響以有限公司為例學(xué)院經(jīng)濟(jì)管理學(xué)院專(zhuān)業(yè)工商管理學(xué)生姓名學(xué)號(hào)指導(dǎo)教師職稱(chēng)副教授論文字?jǐn)?shù)5890完成日期2011年4月12日2重4（二）人力資源管理模式落后4（三）未對(duì)人力資本進(jìn)行文化定位4（四）員工價(jià)值觀與企業(yè)價(jià)值觀相偏離4四、針對(duì)當(dāng)前存在的問(wèn)題提出的對(duì)策和建議5（一）建立完善的員工招聘和培訓(xùn)體系5（二）將企業(yè)文化引入績(jī)效管理和薪酬體系5（三）著眼于人力資本進(jìn)行文化定位5（四）樹(shù)立共同的價(jià)值觀6結(jié)束語(yǔ)6參考文獻(xiàn)6致謝7

簡(jiǎn)介：20102010屆畢業(yè)論文論文題目青島啤酒柳州市場(chǎng)分銷(xiāo)渠道管理優(yōu)化姓名汪志鴻系別管理系專(zhuān)業(yè)工商管理班別工商工商072班指導(dǎo)教師林麗萍日期2011年5月25日IIABSTRACTCOMMERCIALCOMPETITIONBECOMESINCREASINGLYFIERCEINTODAY’SCHINA,CHANNELMANAGEMENTISTHEIMPORTANTGUARANTEEFORENTERPRISEGOODSTRANSFERANDINFORMATIONCONVECTIONINTHEMARKETOPERATION,DISTRIBUTIONCHANNELWHICHAFFECTSTHEENTERPRISESSUSTAINABLEMANAGEMENTANDPROFITCONDITIONISANASSEMBLYPOINTSTOMANYMARKETINGCONTRADICTION,WHETHERITISSMOOTHDISTRIBUTIONCHANNELSORNOTSUCCESSFULCHANNELCONSTRUCTION,WILLDIRECTLYAFFECTTHEOVERALLSUCCESSOFTHEENTERPRISENOWADAYSCHANNELISTHEKINGANDWHOCONTROLACCESSTOTHECHANNEL,WILLCOMEHALFTHEBATTLETHEREFORE,FACINGUPTOTHEMANAGEMENTOFDISTRIBUTIONCHANNELSCONFLICTSANDANALYSINGTHOROUGHLYTHECHARACTERISTICSANDCAUSESANDSUITTHEREMEDYTOTHECASE,ISOFGREATSIGNIFICANCETOREDUCECOSTANDIMPROVEEFFICIENTOPERATIONTHISARTICLEMAINLYAIMSATTHEDISTRIBUTIONCHANNELSMANAGEMENTOFQINGDAOBEEROFALLASPECTSOFTHEPRESENTSITUATIONANDEXISTINGPROBLEMSINLIUZHOUTOPUTSFORWARDSOMESUGGESTIONSONHOWTOOPTIMIZEFORLIUZHOUREGIONOFQINGDAOBEERINFUTURECHANNELONTHEPROBLEMSEXISTING,ANDTHUSIMPROVETHECOMPANYOFTHECHANNELMANAGEMENTABILITYINLIUZHOUBASEDONTHETHEORYOFDISTRIBUTIONCHANNELS,IANALYSEDOFQINGDAOCONTROLANDMANAGEMENTOFDISTRIBUTIONCHANNELS,POINTEDOUTINTHEPROCESSOFIMPLEMENTATIONPROBLEMS,ANALYZEDTHECAUSESOFTHEPROBLEMSANDTHECORRESPONDINGOPTIMIZATIONRECOMMENDATIONSKEYWORDSBEER,DISTRIBUTIONCHANNEL,CHANNELMANAGEMENT,SALESMANAGEMENT

簡(jiǎn)介：畢業(yè)論文題目飲水器產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)研究姓名崔開(kāi)新所在學(xué)院機(jī)械學(xué)院所學(xué)專(zhuān)業(yè)工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)ABSTRACTWATERAPPLIANCESASANEWPRODUCTOFHOUSEHOLDELECTRICALAPPLIANCES,MOREANDMOREATTENTIONOFCONSUMERSANDARAISEABABELOFCRITICISMOFTOXICBILESTORMWILLBESAFE,HEALTHYWATERHOMEAPPLIANCETOANEWHEIGHTATPRESENT,OURCOUNTRYCITYWATERPURIFIERSHOUSEHOLDPENETRATIONRATEOFLESSTHAN1,WHILETHEWATERPURIFIERMARKETACCOUNTEDFORONLY35OFTHEWATERDISPENSERMARKETTHEPERSONAGEINSIDECOURSEOFSTUDYTHINKS,ALTHOUGHTHEWHOLEINDUSTRYISSTILLINTHEEMBRYONICSTAGE,BUTWITHPEOPLESHEALTHAWARENESSANDIMPROVEPURCHASINGPOWER,WATERPURIFIERMARKETSPACEWILLBEVERYLARGE,CONTAINSBILLIONSOFDOLLARSINPROFITEVERYYEARATLEASTWATERPURIFYINGMACHINEINTHEINDUSTRIALAPPLICATIONOFVERYEARLYVERYWIDELY,SUCHASFOODANDBEVERAGE,CHEMICAL,ELECTRONIC,PHARMACEUTICALANDOTHERINDUSTRIES,SOMEASPECTSOFWATERINTHEPRODUCTIONPROCESSCANNOTMEETTHEUSEREQUIREMENTS,SOMUSTPASSWATERPURIFICATIONEQUIPMENTTHEDRINKINGWATERMACHINEDESIGN,CONSUMERSSEEISITSSHAPE,THENTHEFUNCTION,FINALLYTOSEEIFITCANPLAYTHEROLEOFCLEANWATERSHAPEDESIGN,SHAPEFEATURES,CONCISECONCISEGENEROUS,TOGIVECONSUMERSACOMFORTABLE,STABLEANDGENEROUSALSOCAREFULLYSELECTEDMATERIALS,NOTONLYCANBEUSEDFORALONGTIME,BUTALSODOESNOTHAVEANYPOLLUTIONTOWATER,TOENSURETHESAFETYOFMATERIALISDURABLETHEFUNCTION,SPECIALLYINCREASESTHEGRINDINGCOFFEE,COFFEEFUNCTION,ANDTHEPRODUCTIONOFSOYBEANMILKFUNCTION,TRULYREALIZEONEMACHINEWITHMULTIPLEFUNCTIONS,MULTIPLEFUNCTIONS,CONVENIENTFORCONSUMERSTHEUSEOFADVANCEDSTRAIGHTDRINKINGMACHINE,USINGLADDERTYPEWATER,HEATINGWATER,THEREBYREDUCINGTHEPOWERCONSUMPTIONOFDRINKINGWATER,DRINKINGWATERCANMAKETHEKEYWORDSDRINKINGWATERMACHINE,WATERAPPLIANCESSAFETY,TWOPOLLUTION,CANBEREALIZED,FUNCTIONAL,RATIONALITY

簡(jiǎn)介：計(jì)算機(jī)系畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)題目分公司局域網(wǎng)服務(wù)器搭建學(xué)號(hào)姓名專(zhuān)業(yè)計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)指導(dǎo)者講師姓名專(zhuān)業(yè)技術(shù)職務(wù)評(píng)閱者助教姓名專(zhuān)業(yè)技術(shù)職務(wù)2011年12月1日局域網(wǎng)服務(wù)器搭建畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)I目錄目錄第一章企業(yè)概述及需求分析11．1企業(yè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)發(fā)展前景分析11．2需求分析1121公司業(yè)務(wù)概況1122各部門(mén)功能需求分析1123公司大樓結(jié)構(gòu)分布2第二章系統(tǒng)環(huán)境的總體設(shè)計(jì)22．1網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)22．2網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)原則和建設(shè)目標(biāo)32．3IP地址分配52．5設(shè)備選購(gòu)52．6網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全6第三章服務(wù)器搭建73．1WEB服務(wù)器7311WEB服務(wù)器的配置7312WEB服務(wù)器的測(cè)試83．2DHCP服務(wù)器8321DHCP服務(wù)器的配置8322DHCP服務(wù)器測(cè)試93．3FTP服務(wù)器9331FTP服務(wù)器的配置9332FTP服務(wù)器的測(cè)試103．4DNS服務(wù)器10341DNS服務(wù)器的配置10342FTP服務(wù)器的測(cè)試11總結(jié)12致謝13參考文獻(xiàn)14

簡(jiǎn)介：1第一章緒論能源是現(xiàn)代社會(huì)存在和發(fā)展的基石。隨著全球經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的不斷發(fā)展，能源消費(fèi)也相應(yīng)的持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)。隨著時(shí)間的推移，化石能源的稀缺性越來(lái)越突顯，且這種稀缺性也逐漸在能源商品的價(jià)格上反應(yīng)出來(lái)。在化石能源供應(yīng)日趨緊張的背景下，大規(guī)模的開(kāi)發(fā)和利用可再生能源已成為未來(lái)各國(guó)能源戰(zhàn)略中的重要組成部分。太陽(yáng)能是人類(lèi)取之不盡用之不竭的可再生能源，具有充分的清潔性、絕對(duì)的安全性、相對(duì)的廣泛性、確實(shí)的長(zhǎng)壽命和免維護(hù)性、資源的充足性及潛在的經(jīng)濟(jì)性等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，在長(zhǎng)期的能源戰(zhàn)略中具有重要地位。我們對(duì)太陽(yáng)能的利用大致可以分為光熱轉(zhuǎn)換和光電轉(zhuǎn)換兩種方式，其中，光電利用（光伏發(fā)電）是近些年來(lái)發(fā)展最快，也是最具經(jīng)濟(jì)潛力的能源開(kāi)發(fā)領(lǐng)域。太陽(yáng)能電池是光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)中的關(guān)鍵部分，包括硅系太陽(yáng)電池（單晶硅、多晶硅、非晶硅電池）和非硅系太陽(yáng)能電池等。在晶體硅太陽(yáng)能電池的產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈上分布著晶硅制備、硅片生產(chǎn)、電池制造、組件封裝四個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)。光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)主要由太陽(yáng)能電池、蓄電池、控制器和逆變器構(gòu)成。光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)可分為獨(dú)立太陽(yáng)能光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)和并網(wǎng)太陽(yáng)能光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)獨(dú)立太陽(yáng)能光伏發(fā)電是指太陽(yáng)能光伏發(fā)電不與電網(wǎng)連接的發(fā)電方式，典型特征為需要蓄電池來(lái)存儲(chǔ)能量，在民用范圍內(nèi)主要用于邊遠(yuǎn)的鄉(xiāng)村，如家庭系統(tǒng)、村級(jí)太陽(yáng)能光伏電站；在工業(yè)范圍內(nèi)主要用于電訊、衛(wèi)星廣播電視、太陽(yáng)能水泵，在具備風(fēng)力發(fā)電和小水電的地區(qū)還可以組成混合發(fā)電系統(tǒng)等。并網(wǎng)太陽(yáng)能光伏發(fā)電是指太陽(yáng)能光伏發(fā)電連接到國(guó)家電網(wǎng)的發(fā)電的方式，成為電網(wǎng)的補(bǔ)充。在各國(guó)政府的扶持下，世界太陽(yáng)能電池產(chǎn)量快速增長(zhǎng)，19952005年間，全球太陽(yáng)能電池產(chǎn)量增長(zhǎng)了17倍。我們預(yù)計(jì)，2010年全球太陽(yáng)能電池的年產(chǎn)量有望較2005年的年產(chǎn)量增長(zhǎng)63倍，整個(gè)行業(yè)的銷(xiāo)售收入有望增長(zhǎng)35倍。我國(guó)太陽(yáng)能資源非常豐富，開(kāi)發(fā)利用的潛力非常大。我國(guó)太陽(yáng)能發(fā)電產(chǎn)業(yè)的應(yīng)用空間也非常廣闊，可以應(yīng)用于并網(wǎng)發(fā)電、與建材結(jié)3第二章第二章太陽(yáng)能及其應(yīng)用太陽(yáng)能及其應(yīng)用太陽(yáng)能是人類(lèi)取之不盡用之不竭的可再生能源，具有充分的清潔性、絕對(duì)的安全性、相對(duì)的廣泛性、確實(shí)的長(zhǎng)壽命和維護(hù)性、資源的充足性及潛在的經(jīng)濟(jì)性等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，在長(zhǎng)期的能源戰(zhàn)略中具有重要地位并且得到廣泛的應(yīng)用。21太陽(yáng)能的含義一般是指太陽(yáng)光的輻射能量，在現(xiàn)代一般用作發(fā)電。自地球形成生物就主要以太陽(yáng)提供的熱和光生存，而自古人類(lèi)也懂得以陽(yáng)光曬干物件，并作為保存食物的方法，如制鹽和曬咸魚(yú)等。但在化石燃料減少下，才有意把太陽(yáng)能進(jìn)一步發(fā)展。太陽(yáng)能的利用有光熱轉(zhuǎn)換和光電轉(zhuǎn)換兩種方式。太陽(yáng)能發(fā)電是一種新興的可再生能源。廣義上的太陽(yáng)能是地球上許多能量的來(lái)源，如風(fēng)能，化學(xué)能，水的勢(shì)能等等。22太陽(yáng)能的發(fā)展歷史據(jù)記載，人類(lèi)利用太陽(yáng)能已有3000多年的歷史。將太陽(yáng)能作為一種能源和動(dòng)力加以利用，只有300多年的歷史。近代太陽(yáng)能利用歷史可以從1615年法國(guó)工程師所羅門(mén)德考克斯在世界上發(fā)明第一臺(tái)太陽(yáng)能驅(qū)動(dòng)的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)算起。該發(fā)明是一臺(tái)利用太陽(yáng)能加熱空氣使其膨脹做功而抽水的機(jī)器。真正將太陽(yáng)能作為“近期急需的補(bǔ)充能源”，“未來(lái)能源結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)”，則是近來(lái)的事。20世紀(jì)70年代以來(lái)，太陽(yáng)能科技突飛猛進(jìn)，太陽(yáng)能利用日新月異。23我國(guó)太陽(yáng)能資源我國(guó)是太陽(yáng)能資源相當(dāng)豐富的國(guó)家，絕大多數(shù)地區(qū)年平均日輻射量在4KWH/㎡以上，西藏最高達(dá)7KWH/㎡。24太陽(yáng)能的應(yīng)用就目前來(lái)說(shuō)，人類(lèi)直接利用太陽(yáng)能還處于初級(jí)階段，主要有太陽(yáng)能集熱、太陽(yáng)能熱水系統(tǒng)、太陽(yáng)能暖房、太陽(yáng)能發(fā)電等方式。241太陽(yáng)能集熱器太陽(yáng)能集熱器SOLARCOLLECTOR在太陽(yáng)能熱系統(tǒng)中，接受太陽(yáng)輻射并向傳熱工質(zhì)傳遞熱量的裝置。按傳熱工質(zhì)可分為液體集熱器和空氣集熱器。按采光方式可分為聚光型集熱器和吸熱型集熱器兩種。一個(gè)好的太陽(yáng)能集熱器應(yīng)該能用20～30年。242242太陽(yáng)能熱水系統(tǒng)

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簡(jiǎn)介：題目小區(qū)物業(yè)管理系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)與開(kāi)發(fā)信息管理與信息系統(tǒng)信息管理系學(xué)生姓名專(zhuān)業(yè)班級(jí)指導(dǎo)教師系別學(xué)生學(xué)號(hào)現(xiàn)代物流學(xué)院畢業(yè)論文IIABSTRACTWITHTHERAPIDDEVELOPMENTOFMODERNCOMPUTERTECHNOLOGY,COMPUTERTECHNOLOGYINVARIOUSFIELDSHAVEBEENWIDELYUSEDFORRESIDENTIALPROPERTYMANAGEMENT,IMPROVINGTHELEVELOFRESIDENTIALPROPERTYMANAGEMENT,ANDEXPANDITSRANGEOFSERVICESANDIMPROVESERVICEQUALITYANDEFFICIENCYOFMODERNTRENDSINRESIDENTIALPROPERTYMANAGEMENTASTHERESIDENTIALPROPERTYMANAGEMENT,WORKFLOWANDDIVERSE,MANAGEMENTCOMPLEXITYANDCOSTSOFCOLLECTIONANDMAINTENANCEOFCOMPLICATEDEQUIPMENT,WHICHMAKESRESIDENTIALPROPERTYMANAGEMENTTORELYONCOMPUTERTECHNOLOGY,THEDISTRICTMANAGERISMORECONVENIENT,FAST,EFFICIENT,CLEARANDRELEVANTDATAMANAGEMENT,PROPERTYMANAGEMENTWORKERSTOBRINGGREATEREFFICIENCY,THEREBYENHANCINGTHERESIDENTIALPROPERTYMANAGEMENTTHEDESIGNCANGNANJARDINEHOMEDISTRICTASANEXAMPLE,THEFIRSTOFTHEBACKGROUNDRESEARCH,RELEVANTCONCEPTSSUCHASABRIEFINTRODUCTIONTHENTHESYSTEMANALYSIS,INCLUDINGFEASIBILITYANALYSIS,FUNCTIONALANALYSIS,REQUIREMENTSANALYSISOFTHEOVERALLSYSTEMDESIGN,CODEDESIGN,USERINTERFACEDESIGNANDDATABASEDESIGN,DATABASEDESIGNBASEDONTHECONCEPTOFDATABASEDESIGNANDLOGICDESIGN,DRAWDATABASEERMODELDIAGRAMINTHESYSTEMIMPLEMENTATIONPHASE,ADETAILEDDESCRIPTIONOFTHESYSTEMMODULEDETAILS,INCLUDINGDESIGN,APPLICATIONKEYCODETHROUGHTHEDEVELOPMENTOFTHISSYSTEM,SOTHATTHELEARNINGOFCOMPUTERPROGRAMMINGLANGUAGESANDOTHERRELATEDDISCIPLINESHASBEENTHEPRACTICEANDAPPLICATIONOFKNOWLEDGE,DEEPENUNDERSTANDINGOFTHETHEORETICALKNOWLEDGEKEYWORDSRESIDENTIALPROPERTYMANAGEMENTINFORMATIONSYSTEMDELPHI

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簡(jiǎn)介：DYNAMICBEHAVIOROFPILEFOUNDATIONSUNDERCYCLICLOADINGINLIQUEFIABLESOILSAMINRAHMANI?,ALIPAKDEPARTMENTOFCIVILENGINEERING,SHARIFUNIVERSITYOFTECHNOLOGY,POBOX111559313,TEHRAN,IRANARTICLEINFOARTICLEHISTORYRECEIVED5MARCH2011RECEIVEDINREVISEDFORM12SEPTEMBER2011ACCEPTED13SEPTEMBER2011AVAILABLEONLINE11NOVEMBER2011KEYWORDSLIQUEFACTIONPILEFOUNDATIONSFULLYCOUPLEDTHREEDIMENSIONALDYNAMICANALYSISDYNAMICBEHAVIOROFPILEABSTRACTINTHISPAPER,AFULLYCOUPLEDTHREEDIMENSIONALDYNAMICANALYSISISCARRIEDOUTTOINVESTIGATETHEDYNAMICBEHAVIOROFPILEFOUNDATIONSINLIQUEFIEDGROUNDACRITICALSTATEBOUNDINGSURFACEPLASTICITYMODELISUSEDTOMODELSOILSKELETON,WHILEAFULLYCOUPLEDU–PFORMULATIONISEMPLOYEDTOANALYZESOILDISPLACEMENTSANDPOREWATERPRESSURESFURTHERMORE,INTHISSTUDY,VARIATIONOFPERMEABILITYCOEFFICIENTDURINGLIQUEFACTIONISTAKENINTOACCOUNTTHEPERMEABILITYCOEFFICIENTISRELATEDTOEXCESSPOREWATERPRESSURERATIORESULTSOFACENTRIFUGETESTONPILEFOUNDATIONSAREUSEDTODEMONSTRATETHECAPABILITYOFTHEMODELFORRELIABLEANALYSISOFPILESUNDERDYNAMICLOADINGTHEN,THEVERIFIEDMODELISUSEDFORAPARAMETRICSTUDYTHEPARAMETRICSTUDYISCARRIEDOUTBYVARYINGPILELENGTH,FREQUENCYOFINPUTMOTION,FIXITYOFTHEPILEHEAD,THICKNESSOFTHELIQUEFYINGSOILLAYERANDRELATIVEDENSITYOFLIQUEFYINGSOILLAYERTHREEDIFFERENTSOILPROFILESHAVEBEENCONSIDEREDINTHISSTUDYINGENERAL,PARAMETRICSTUDIESDEMONSTRATETHATFIXITYOFTHEPILEHEAD,THICKNESSOFLIQUEFYINGSOILLAYERANDFREQUENCYOFINPUTMOTIONARETHEMOSTCRITICALPARAMETERSWHICHCONSIDERABLYAFFECTPILESPERFORMANCEINLIQUEFIEDGROUNDSCROWNCOPYRIGHT?2011PUBLISHEDBYELSEVIERLTDALLRIGHTSRESERVED1INTRODUCTIONTHEBEHAVIOROFPILEFOUNDATIONSUNDEREARTHQUAKELOADINGISANIMPORTANTISSUETHATWIDELYAFFECTSTHEPERFORMANCEOFSTRUCTURESDESIGNPROCEDURESHAVEBEENDEVELOPEDFOREVALUATINGPILEBEHAVIORUNDEREARTHQUAKELOADINGHOWEVER,APPLICATIONOFTHESEPROCEDURESTOCASESINVOLVINGLIQUEFIABLEGROUNDISUNCERTAINSINCETHEPERFORMANCEOFPILESINLIQUEFIEDSOILLAYERSISMUCHMORECOMPLEXTHANTHATOFNONLIQUEFYINGSOILLAYERNOTONLYBECAUSETHESUPERSTRUCTUREANDTHESURROUNDINGSOILEXERTDIFFERENTDYNAMICLOADSONPILE,BUTALSOBECAUSETHESTIFFNESSANDSHEARSTRENGTHOFTHESURROUNDINGSOILDIMINISHESOVERTIMEDUETONONLINEARBEHAVIOROFSOILANDALSOPOREWATERPRESSUREGENERATIONLIQUEFACTIONREPRESENTSONEOFTHEBIGGESTCONTRIBUTORSTODAMAGEOFCONSTRUCTEDFACILITIESDURINGEARTHQUAKES1THISPHENOMENONWASREPORTEDASTHEMAINCAUSEOFDAMAGETOPILEFOUNDATIONSDURINGTHEMAJOREARTHQUAKESSUCHASALASKA,1964,LOMAPRIETA,1989,HYOGOKENNAMBU,19951PREDICTIONOFSEISMICRESPONSEOFPILEFOUNDATIONSINLIQUEFYINGSOILLAYERSISDIFFICULT,ANDTHEREAREMANYUNCERTAINTIESINTHEMECHANISMSINVOLVEDINSOIL–PILESUPERSTRUCTUREINTERACTIONHOWEVER,INRECENTDECADES,AWIDERANGEOFCENTRIFUGEANDSHAKINGTABLETESTSANDALSOVARIOUSNUMERICALMETHODSHAVEBEENEMPLOYEDINORDERTOPROVIDEBETTERINSIGHTSINTOTHEDYNAMICBEHAVIOROFPILEFOUNDATIONSINLIQUEFIABLESOILSTHESERESEARCHESCANBEDIVIDEDINTOTHREECATEGORIESFIELDOBSERVATIONS,LABORATORYTESTS,ANDNUMERICALMODELING11FIELDOBSERVATIONSTHESESTUDIESMAINLYINVESTIGATETHEDISTRIBUTIONOFTHEFAILUREPATTERNS,SETTLEMENTANDLATERALDISPLACEMENTOFPILESDURINGNIIGATAEARTHQUAKE,1964,MANYPILEFOUNDATIONSFAILEDTOSUPPORTSTRUCTURESDUETOTHELIQUEFACTIONOFTHESURROUNDINGSOILACCORDINGTOHAMADA2,THEGROUNDINTHEVICINITYOFAFOURSTOREYBUILDINGMOVEDAPPROXIMATELY11M,ANDTHEMAXIMUMLATERALDISPLACEMENTOFCONCRETEPILESWITHADIAMETEROF35CMANDLENGTHOF6–9MWASAROUND70CMTHELARGEAMOUNTOFLATERALDISPLACEMENTCAUSEDSEVEREDAMAGETOTHEPILEATTHEINTERFACEOFTHELIQUEFIEDANDNONLIQUEFIEDLAYERSMORIETAL3CONDUCTEDANEXCAVATIONSURVEYANDINTERNALINSPECTIONOFTHEDAMAGEDPILESOFASILOWHICHSUFFEREDSEVEREDAMAGEDUETOTHEHOKKAIDONANSEIOKIEARTHQUAKE,1993THEYCONCLUDEDTHATDAMAGEUSUALLYOCCURSATTHREEDIFFERENTLOCATIONSATTHEPILEHEADFORFIXEDHEADPILES,ATADEPTHOF1–3MBELOWTHEPILECAPFORFREEHEADPILESANDATTHEINTERFACEOFTHELIQUEFIEDANDNONLIQUEFIEDLAYERSTHISOBSERVATIONHASBEENCONFIRMEDBYOTHERSSUCHASTACHIKAWAETAL4,SHAMOTOETAL5,ANDONISHIETAL612LABORATORYTESTSTHESESTUDIESINCLUDESOMEDYNAMICCENTRIFUGETESTSANDALSOSHAKINGTABLETESTSOFPILESUPPORTEDSTRUCTURESINWHICH0266352X/SEEFRONTMATTERCROWNCOPYRIGHT?2011PUBLISHEDBYELSEVIERLTDALLRIGHTSRESERVEDDOI101016/JCOMPGEO201109002?CORRESPONDINGAUTHORTEL982166164225FAX982166014828EMAILADDRESSAMINRAHMAANIGMAILCOMARAHMANICOMPUTERSANDGEOTECHNICS402012114–126CONTENTSLISTSAVAILABLEATSCIVERSESCIENCEDIRECTCOMPUTERSANDGEOTECHNICSJOURNALHOMEPAGEWWWELSEVIERCOM/LOCATE/COMPGEOINVESTIGATIONSARULANANDANANDSYBICO35,BASEDONTHEMEASUREMENTOFCHANGESINTHEELECTRICALRESISTANCEOFSATURATEDSANDDEPOSITDURINGLIQUEFACTIONINTHECENTRIFUGETESTS,CONCLUDEDTHAT‘‘INFLIGHTPERMEABILITY’’OFSATURATEDSANDDURINGLIQUEFACTIONINCREASESUPTO6–7TIMESGREATERTHANITSINITIALVALUEJAFARZADEHANDYANAGISAWA36BYMEASUREMENTOFTHEVOLUMEOFTHEEXPELLEDWATERFROMSATURATEDSANDCOLUMNSINSHAKINGTABLEMODELTESTSINDICATEDTHATTHEAVERAGEPERMEABILITYCOEFFICIENTDURINGEXCITATIONIS5–6TIMESGREATERTHANITSSTATICVALUEMANZARIANDARULANANDAN37USEDVARIABLEPERMEABILITYINTHEIRNUMERICALSIMULATIONINTHEIRSTUDY,PREDICTIONSOFEXCESSPOREPRESSUREANDSETTLEMENTWERESATISFACTORY,BUTLATERALDISPLACEMENTSWERENOTSIMULATEDREASONABLYWELLBALAKRISHNAN38EMPLOYEDAFACTOROF10FORINCREASINGTHEPERMEABILITYCOEFFICIENT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