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簡(jiǎn)介：4570漢字，漢字，3380單詞，單詞，16萬(wàn)英文字符萬(wàn)英文字符出處出處RESEARCHJOURNALOFAPPLIEDSCIENCES,ENGINEERINGANDTECHNOLOGY5413021308,2013本科畢業(yè)論文外文文獻(xiàn)及譯文文獻(xiàn)、資料題目ANEXPERIMENTALANALYSISOFBRAKEEFFICIENCYUSINGFOURFLUIDSINADISCBRAKESYSTEM文獻(xiàn)、資料來(lái)源RESEARCHJOURNALOFAPPLIEDSCIENCES文獻(xiàn)、資料發(fā)表日期20120808院（部）機(jī)電工程學(xué)院專(zhuān)業(yè)班級(jí)姓名學(xué)號(hào)指導(dǎo)教師完成日期2AGAINSTTHERESISTANCESTHATOPPOSETHEVEHICLE’SMOTIONRELYINGONTHESERESISTANCESTOSLOWDOWNAVEHICLECOULDCAUSEMANYPROBLEMS,SOANADDITIONALRESISTANCECALLEDABRAKEISNEEDEDTOCONVERTTHEKINETICENERGYTOHEATENERGYATAFASTERRATEINORDERTOREDUCETHESPEEDOFTHEVEHICLEMCPHEEANDJOHNSON2007THISREDUCESTHESPEEDOFTHEVEHICLEATAFASTERRATEANDBRINGSTHEVEHICLETORESTWITHINTHESHORTESTPOSSIBLETIMEWHENTHEBRAKESAREAPPLIEDFROMTHEPOINTOFVIEWOFJOHNSONETAL2003MOSTAUTOMOTIVESYSTEMSINUSETODAYUTILIZEFRONTDISCBRAKES,BUTFOURWHEELDISCSYSTEMSAREALSOCOMMONINDISCBRAKES,THEROTORROTATESWITHTHEWHEELANDTHEPADSMOVEOUTTORUBTHEROTORWHENTHEBRAKESAREAPPLIEDMOSTDISCBRAKESUSEFLOATINGCALIPERSTHECALIPERSLIDESINANDOUTASTHEBRAKESAREAPPLIEDANDRELEASEDTHEPISTONMOVESTHEINSIDEPADOUTANDPUSHESTHEOUTSIDEPADINTOTHEROTORBYSLIDINGTHECALIPERBACKTOWARDTHEROTORTHEUSEOFDISCBRAKESTOREDUCESPEEDORBRINGTHEVEHICLETORESTWHENINMOTIONCANNOTBEOVEREMPHASIZEDIFTHESAFETYOFTHEOCCUPANTISTOBEGUARANTEEDHEINZ1999TOBRINGAVEHICLETOASTOP,THEDISCBRAKESHAVETOABSORBALLTHEENERGYGIVENTOTHEVEHICLEBYTHEENGINEANDTHATDUETOTHEMOMENTUMOFTHEVEHICLETHISENERGYMUSTTHENBEDISSIPATEDINMOSTVEHICLEDISCBRAKES,THEENERGYISABSORBEDBYFRICTION,CONVERTEDINTOHEATANDTHEHEATDISSIPATEDTOTHESURROUNDINGAIRTHOMS,1988ASTHEENERGYISABSORBED,THEVEHICLEISSLOWEDDOWNINOTHERWORDS,ITSMOTIONISRETARDEDTHEBRAKESMUSTALSOPULLUPTHEVEHICLESMOOTHLYANDINASTRAIGHTLINETOBRINGTHEVEHICLETOASTOPPOSITIONITISTHEREFOREVERYIMPORTANTTHATTHEDISCBRAKESOFVEHICLESOPERATEWITHTHEHIGHESTEFFICIENCYTHISCOULDREDUCETHERATEOFACCIDENTSDUETOBRAKEFAILURESOTHATLIFEANDPROPERTYCOULDBEPRESERVEDANDALSOTOENSURETHATOCCUPANTSOFTHESECOMMERCIALVEHICLESGOABOUTTHEIRNORMALLIVESWITHOUTANYFEAROFBEINGINVOLVEDINANACCIDENTAVAILABLECRASHDATAINGHANASUGGESTSTHATABOUT1,900PERSONSAREKILLEDANNUALLYINROADTRAFFICCRASHESAFUKAARETAL,2008ANDTHATMORETHAN40OFTHEROADTRAFFICFATALITIESAREOCCUPANTSOFCARS,BUSESANDTRUCKSMOSTOFTENTHANNOT,SOMEOFTHEROADACCIDENTSINVOLVINGCOMMERCIALVEHICLES,SUCHASTHEMINIBUSESHAVEBEENATTRIBUTEDTOTHEFAILUREOFTHEDISCBRAKESTHEREASONFORTESTINGTHEVISCOSITYOFTHESEBRAKEFLUIDS,ESPECIALLYTHATOFTHE

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簡(jiǎn)介：ZZZZZZZ大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）外文文獻(xiàn)學(xué)院XXXXXXXX專(zhuān)業(yè)班級(jí)XXXXXX學(xué)生姓名XXXXX指導(dǎo)教師XXXXXXTHEMOUNTEDGRINDINGTOOLSWHEELSHAVEBEENWIDELYUSEDINCONVENTIONALMOLDANDDIEFINISHINGINDUSTRIESTHEGEOMETRICMODELOFMOUNTEDGRINDINGTOOLSFORAUTOMATEDSURFACEFINISHINGPROCESSESWASINTRODUCEDINAFINISHINGPROCESSMODEOFSPHERICALGRINDINGTOOLSFORAUTOMATEDSURFACEFINISHINGSYSTEMSWASDEVELOPEDINGRINDINGSPEED,DEPTHOFCUT,FEEDRATE,ANDWHEELPROPERTIESSUCHASABRASIVEMATERIALANDABRASIVEGRAINSIZE,ARETHEDOMINANTPARAMETERSFORTHESPHERICALGRINDINGPROCESS,ASSHOWNINFIG1THEOPTIMALSPHERICALGRINDINGPARAMETERSFORTHEINJECTIONMOLDSTEELHAVENOTYETBEENINVESTIGATEDBASEDINTHELITERATUREFIG1SCHEMATICDIAGRAMOFTHESPHERICALGRINDINGPROCESSINRECENTYEARS,SOMERESEARCHHASBEENCARRIEDOUTINDETERMININGTHEOPTIMALPARAMETERSOFTHEBALLBURNISHINGPROCESSFIG2FORINSTANCE,ITHASBEENFOUNDTHATPLASTICDEFORMATIONONTHEWORKPIECESURFACECANBEREDUCEDBYUSINGATUNGSTENCARBIDEBALLORAROLLER,THUSIMPROVINGTHESURFACEROUGHNESS,SURFACEHARDNESS,ANDFATIGUERESISTANCETHEBURNISHINGPROCESSISACCOMPLISHEDBYMACHININGCENTERSANDLATHESTHEMAINBURNISHINGPARAMETERSHAVINGSIGNIFICANTEFFECTSONTHESURFACEROUGHNESSAREBALLORROLLERMATERIAL,BURNISHINGFORCE,FEEDRATE,BURNISHINGSPEED,LUBRICATION,ANDNUMBEROFBURNISHINGPASSES,AMONGOTHERSTHEOPTIMALSURFACEBURNISHINGPARAMETERSFORTHEPLASTICINJECTIONMOLDSTEELPDS5WEREACOMBINATIONOFGREASELUBRICANT,THE

簡(jiǎn)介：中文中文4240字出處出處CHENW,LUOX,SUH,ETALANINTEGRATEDSYSTEMFORULTRAPRECISIONMACHINETOOLDESIGNINCONCEPTUALANDFUNDAMENTALDESIGNSTAGEJINTERNATIONALJOURNALOFADVANCEDMANUFACTURINGTECHNOLOGY,201517畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)論文論文外文資料翻譯外文資料翻譯原文題目目超精密機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)的概念和基本設(shè)計(jì)階段的綜合系統(tǒng)原文來(lái)源源施普林格出版社倫敦2015學(xué)生姓名名學(xué)號(hào)號(hào)所在院所在院系部部機(jī)械工程學(xué)院專(zhuān)業(yè)名稱(chēng)稱(chēng)機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其自動(dòng)化（機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)）具體的功能模塊，包括結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)與分析、結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)、結(jié)構(gòu)分析和支持模塊。該系統(tǒng)快速、方便地進(jìn)行機(jī)床結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)。WOONG等人利用設(shè)計(jì)知識(shí)開(kāi)發(fā)了一種高效、系統(tǒng)的機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)智能化軟件系統(tǒng)。CHEN等人使用集成的設(shè)計(jì)方法開(kāi)發(fā)了一種超精密飛切機(jī)床三種配置（水平，龍門(mén)，塔式）是從配置庫(kù)中選擇的候選配置的設(shè)計(jì)階段，根據(jù)機(jī)床的功能要求，考慮動(dòng)態(tài)性能的最佳配置選擇。而在以往的研究中，對(duì)精密機(jī)床的研究主要集中在機(jī)床的詳細(xì)設(shè)計(jì)和性能分析方面，系統(tǒng)的概念和基本設(shè)計(jì)方法很少有報(bào)道。在本文中，闡述了對(duì)概念和基本設(shè)計(jì)階段用于縮短設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間、提高精密機(jī)床的可靠性超精密機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)的集成系統(tǒng)重要性。22超精密機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)集成系統(tǒng)超精密機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)集成系統(tǒng)21機(jī)床的概念和基本設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程精密機(jī)床是一種高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的精密系統(tǒng)，以維持所需的精度，生產(chǎn)率和可重復(fù)性。一個(gè)機(jī)器的精度相對(duì)于工件表面和相對(duì)的結(jié)構(gòu)和動(dòng)態(tài)循環(huán)的精密切削工具的定位精度的影響，是基本也是重要的機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)。因此，機(jī)床的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)階段必須考慮機(jī)床的剛度循環(huán)和機(jī)床運(yùn)動(dòng)誤差的問(wèn)題。此外，機(jī)床振動(dòng)的動(dòng)態(tài)特性和熱性能是高精度加工的關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題之一。由于動(dòng)態(tài)和熱性能的機(jī)器受機(jī)器的配置影響較大，所以，評(píng)估應(yīng)該在設(shè)計(jì)階段的早期。然而，只有少數(shù)制造商使用評(píng)估工具，以檢查配置的合格性?？傊?，在概念和基本設(shè)計(jì)階段，必須考慮精密機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)的主要因素有以下幾點(diǎn)機(jī)床的剛度預(yù)算，動(dòng)態(tài)性能，熱性能和機(jī)床的誤差預(yù)算。機(jī)床結(jié)構(gòu)的概念和基本設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程分為四個(gè)步驟，即，目標(biāo)，建模，分析和選擇如圖1所示，提出了幾種配置提出了幾種配置。

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簡(jiǎn)介：1附錄附錄1英文原文SELECTIONOFOPTIMUMTOOLGEOMETRYANDCUTTINGCONDITIONSUSINGASURFACEROUGHNESSPREDICTIONMODELFORENDMILLINGABSTRACTINFLUENCEOFTOOLGEOMETRYONTHEQUALITYOFSURFACEPRODUCEDISWELLKNOWNANDHENCEANYATTEMPTTOASSESSTHEPERFORMANCEOFENDMILLINGSHOULDINCLUDETHETOOLGEOMETRYINTHEPRESENTWORK,EXPERIMENTALSTUDIESHAVEBEENCONDUCTEDTOSEETHEEFFECTOFTOOLGEOMETRYRADIALRAKEANGLEANDNOSERADIUSANDCUTTINGCONDITIONSCUTTINGSPEEDANDFEEDRATEONTHEMACHININGPERFORMANCEDURINGENDMILLINGOFMEDIUMCARBONSTEELTHEFIRSTANDSECONDORDERMATHEMATICALMODELS,INTERMSOFMACHININGPARAMETERS,WEREDEVELOPEDFORSURFACEROUGHNESSPREDICTIONUSINGRESPONSESURFACEMETHODOLOGYRSMONTHEBASISOFEXPERIMENTALRESULTSTHEMODELSELECTEDFOROPTIMIZATIONHASBEENVALIDATEDWITHTHECHISQUARETESTTHESIGNIFICANCEOFTHESEPARAMETERSONSURFACEROUGHNESSHASBEENESTABLISHEDWITHANALYSISOFVARIANCEANATTEMPTHASALSOBEENMADETOOPTIMIZETHESURFACEROUGHNESSPREDICTIONMODELUSINGGENETICALGORITHMSGATHEGAPROGRAMGIVESMINIMUMVALUESOFSURFACEROUGHNESSANDTHEIRRESPECTIVEOPTIMALCONDITIONS1INTRODUCTIONENDMILLINGISONEOFTHEMOSTCOMMONLYUSEDMETALREMOVALOPERATIONSININDUSTRYBECAUSEOFITSABILITYTOREMOVEMATERIALFASTERGIVINGREASONABLYGOODSURFACEQUALITYITISUSEDINAVARIETYOFMANUFACTURINGINDUSTRIESINCLUDINGAEROSPACEANDAUTOMOTIVESECTORS,WHEREQUALITYISANIMPORTANTFACTORINTHEPRODUCTIONOFSLOTS,POCKETS,PRECISIONMOULDSANDDIESGREATERATTENTIONISGIVENTODIMENSIONALACCURACYANDSURFACEROUGHNESSOFPRODUCTSBYTHEINDUSTRYTHESEDAYSMOREOVER,SURFACEFINISHINFLUENCESMECHANICALPROPERTIESSUCHASFATIGUEBEHAVIOUR,WEAR,CORROSION,LUBRICATIONANDELECTRICALCONDUCTIVITYTHUS,MEASURINGANDCHARACTERIZINGSURFACEFINISHCANBECONSIDEREDFORPREDICTINGMACHININGPERFORMANCESURFACEFINISHRESULTINGFROMTURNINGOPERATIONSHASTRADITIONALLYRECEIVEDCONSIDERABLERESEARCHATTENTION,WHEREASTHATOFMACHININGPROCESSESUSINGMULTIPOINTCUTTERS,REQUIRESATTENTIONBYRESEARCHERSASTHESEPROCESSESINVOLVELARGENUMBEROFPARAMETERS,ITWOULDBEDIFFICULTTOCORRELATESURFACEFINISHWITHOTHERPARAMETERSJUSTBYCONDUCTINGEXPERIMENTSMODELLINGHELPSTOUNDERSTANDTHISKINDOFPROCESSBETTERTHOUGHSOMEAMOUNTOFWORKHASBEENCARRIEDOUTTODEVELOPSURFACEFINISHPREDICTIONMODELSINTHEPAST,THEEFFECTOFTOOLGEOMETRYHASRECEIVEDLITTLEATTENTIONHOWEVER,THERADIALRAKEANGLEHASAMAJORAFFECTONTHE3ALTHOUGHTHEDIFFERENCEBETWEENTHEMREGARDINGTHESURFACEROUGHNESSWASLARGEBAYOUMIETAL4HAVESTUDIEDTHEAFFECTOFTHETOOLROTATIONANGLE,FEEDRATEANDCUTTINGSPEEDONTHEMECHANISTICPROCESSPARAMETERSPRESSURE,FRICTIONPARAMETERFORENDMILLINGOPERATIONWITHTHREECOMMERCIALLYAVAILABLEWORKPIECEMATERIALS,11L17FREEMACHININGSTEEL,62353FREEMACHININGBRASSAND2024ALUMINIUMUSINGASINGLEFLUTEDHSSMILLINGCUTTERITHASBEENFOUNDTHATPRESSUREANDFRICTIONACTONTHECHIP–TOOLINTERFACEDECREASEWITHTHEINCREASEOFFEEDRATEANDWITHTHEDECREASEOFTHEFLOWANGLE,WHILETHECUTTINGSPEEDHASANEGLIGIBLEEFFECTONSOMEOFTHEMATERIALDEPENDENTPARAMETERSPROCESSPARAMETERSARESUMMARIZEDINTOEMPIRICALEQUATIONSASFUNCTIONSOFFEEDRATEANDTOOLROTATIONANGLEFOREACHWORKMATERIALHOWEVER,RESEARCHERSHAVENOTTAKENINTOACCOUNTTHEEFFECTSOFCUTTINGCONDITIONSANDTOOLGEOMETRYSIMULTANEOUSLYBESIDESTHESESTUDIESHAVENOTCONSIDEREDTHEOPTIMIZATIONOFTHECUTTINGPROCESSASENDMILLINGISAPROCESSWHICHINVOLVESALARGENUMBERFPARAMETERS,COMBINEDINFLUENCEOFTHESIGNIFICANTPARAMETERSANONLYBEOBTAINEDBYMODELLINGMANSOURANDABDALLAETAL5HAVEDEVELOPEDASURFACEROUGHNESSMODELFORTHEENDMILLINGOFEN32MASEMIFREECUTTINGCARBONCASEHARDENINGSTEELWITHIMPROVEDMERCHANTABILITYTHEMATHEMATICALMODELHASBEENDEVELOPEDINTERMSOFCUTTINGSPEED,FEEDRATEANDAXIALDEPTHOFCUTTHEAFFECTOFTHESEPARAMETERSONTHESURFACEROUGHNESSHASBEENCARRIEDOUTUSINGRESPONSESURFACEMETHODOLOGYRSMAFIRSTORDEREQUATIONCOVERINGTHESPEEDRANGEOF30–35M/MINANDASECONDORDEREQUATIONCOVERINGTHESPEEDRANGEOF24–38M/MINWEREDEVELOPEDUNDERDRYMACHININGCONDITIONSALAUDDINETAL6DEVELOPEDASURFACEROUGHNESSMODELUSINGRSMFORTHEENDMILLINGOF190BHNSTEELFIRSTANDSECONDORDERMODELSWERECONSTRUCTEDALONGWITHCONTOURGRAPHSFORTHESELECTIONOFTHEPROPERCOMBINATIONOFCUTTINGSPEEDANDFEEDTOINCREASETHEMETALREMOVALRATEWITHOUTSACRIFICINGSURFACEQUALITYHASMIETAL7ALSOUSEDTHERSMMODELFORASSESSINGTHEINFLUENCEOFTHEWORKPIECEMATERIALONTHESURFACEROUGHNESSOFTHEMACHINEDSURFACESTHEMODELWASDEVELOPEDFORMILLINGOPERATIONBYCONDUCTINGEXPERIMENTSONSTEELSPECIMENSTHEEXPRESSIONSHOWS,THERELATIONSHIPBETWEENTHESURFACEROUGHNESSANDTHEVARIOUSPARAMETERSNAMELY,THECUTTINGSPEED,FEEDANDDEPTHOFCUTTHEABOVEMODELSHAVENOTCONSIDEREDTHEAFFECTOFTOOLGEOMETRYONSURFACEROUGHNESSSINCETHETURNOFTHECENTURYQUITEALARGENUMBEROFATTEMPTSHAVEBEENMADETOFINDOPTIMUMVALUESOFMACHININGPARAMETERSUSESOFMANYMETHODSHAVEBEENREPORTEDINTHELITERATURETOSOLVEOPTIMIZATIONPROBLEMSFORMACHININGPARAMETERSJAINANDJAIN8HAVEUSEDNEURALNETWORKSFORMODELINGANDOPTIMIZINGTHEMACHININGCONDITIONSTHERESULTSHAVEBEENVALIDATEDBYCOMPARINGTHEOPTIMIZEDMACHININGCONDITIONSOBTAINEDUSINGGENETICALGORITHMSSURESHETAL9HAVEDEVELOPEDASURFACEROUGHNESSPREDICTIONMODELFORTURNINGMILDSTEELUSINGARESPONSESURFACEMETHODOLOGYTOPRODUCETHEFACTORAFFECTSOFTHEINDIVIDUALPROCESS

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INDERSYELLOWANDGREYCOLORTHATAREMOVINGINEACHOTHERASCANBESEEN,THEDEFAULTANIMATIONISUSEFULTOGET,WITHOUTEXTRAWORKFROMTHEUSERSIDE,AROUGHPICTUREOFTHEMODELTHATALLOWSTOCHECKTHEMOSTIMPORTANTPROPERTIESVISUALLY,EG,WHETHERTHECENTEROFMASSESORATTACHMENTPOINTSAREATTHEEXPECTEDPLACESFOREVERYCOMPONENTTHEDEFAULTANIMATIONCANBESWITCHEDOFFVIAABOOLEANFLAGREMOVINGAPPROPRIATEDEFAULTANIMATIONS,SUCHASTHE“CENTEROFMASSSPHERES”,ANDADDINGSOMECOMPONENTSTHATHAVEPUREVISUALINFORMATIONALLVISXXXCOMPONENTSINTHESCHEMATICOFFIGURE6GIVESQUICKLYANICERANIMATION,ASISDEMONSTRATEDINFIGURE9ALSOCADDATACOULDBEUTILIZEDFORTHEANIMATION,BUTTHISWASNOTAVAILABLEFORTHEEXAMINATIONOFTHISEXCAVATOR6THEHYDRAULICSLIBRARYHYLIBTHECOMMERCIALMODELICALIBRARYHYLIBBEATER2000,HYLIB2003ISUSEDTOMODELTHEPUMP,METERINGORIFICE,LOADCOMPENSATORANDCYLINDEROFTHEHYDRAULICCIRCUITALLTHESECOMPONENTSARESTANDARDCOMPONENTSFORHYDRAULICCIRCUITSANDCANBEOBTAINEDFROMMANYMANUFACTURERSMODELSOFALLOFTHEMARECONTAINEDINHYLIBTHESEMATHEMATICALMODELSINCLUDEBOTHSTANDARDTEXTBOOKMODELSEGDRANSFIELD1981,MERRIT1967,VIERSMA1980ANDTHEMOSTADVANCEDPUBLISHEDMODELSTHATTAKETHEBEHAVIOROFREALCOMPONENTSINTOACCOUNTSCHULZ1979,WILL1968ANEXAMPLEISTHEGENERALPUMPMODELWHERETHEOUTPUTFLOWISREDUCEDIFPRESSUREATTHEINLETPORTFALLSBELOWATMOSPHERICPRESSURENUMERICALPROPERTIESWEREALSOCONSIDEREDWHENSELECTINGAMODELBEATER1999ONEPOINTWORTHMENTIONINGISTHEFACTTHATALLMODELSCANBEVIEWEDATSOURCECODELEVELANDAREDOCUMENTEDBYAPPROX100REFERENCESFROMEASILYAVAILABLELITERATUREAFTEROPENINGTHELIBRARY,THEMAINWINDOWISDISPLAYEDFIGURE10ADOUBLECLICKONTHE“PUMPS”ICONOPENSTHESELECTIONFORALLCOMPONENTSTHATARENEEDEDTOORIGINATEORENDANOILFLOWFIGURE11FORTHEPROBLEMATHAND,AHYDRAULICFLOWSOURCEWITHINTERNALLEAKAGEANDEXTERNALLYCOMMANDEDFLOWRATEISUSEDSIMILARLYTHENEEDEDMODELSFORTHEVALVES,CYLINDERSANDOTHERCOMPONENTSARECHOSENALLCOMPONENTSAREMODELEDHIERARCHICALLYSTARTINGWITHADEFINITIONOFACONNECTOR–APORTWERETHEOILENTERSORLEAVESTHECOMPONENT–ATEMPLATEFORCOMPONENTSWITHTWOPORTSISWRITTENTHISCANBEINHERITEDFORIDEALMODELS,EG,ALAMINARRESISTANCEORAPRESSURERELIEFVALVEWHILEITUSUALLYMAKESSENSETOUSETEXTUALINPUTFORTHESEBASICMODELSMOSTOFTHEMAINLIBRARYMODELSWEREPROGRAMMEDGRAPHICALLY,IE,COMPOSEDFROMBASICLIBRARYMODELSUSINGTHEGRAPHICALUSERINTERFACEFIGURE12GIVESANEXAMPLEOFGRAPHICALPROGRAMMINGALLMENTIONEDCOMPONENTSWERECHOSENFROMTHELIBRARYANDTHENGRAPHICALLYCONNECTED7LIBRARYCOMPONENTSINHYDRAULICSCIRCUITTHECOMPOSITIONDIAGRAMINFIGURE12SHOWSTHEGRAPHICALLYCOMPOSEDHYDRAULICSPARTOFTHEEXCAVATORMODELTHESUBMODELSARECHOSENFROMTHEAPPROPRIATELIBRARIES,CONNECTEDANDTHEPARAMETERSINPUTNOTETHATTHECYLINDERSANDTHEMOTORFROMHYLIBCANBESIMPLYCONNECTEDTOTHEALSOSHOWNCOMPONENTSOFTHEMULTIBODYLIBRARYTHEINPUTSIGNALS,IE,THEREFERENCESIGNALSOFTHEDRIVEROF

簡(jiǎn)介：本科畢業(yè)生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）外文翻譯1WALLWALKERPROPOSALOFLOCOMOTIONMECHANISMCLEANINGEVENATTHECORNERTMIYAKE12ANDHISHIHARA11KAGAWAUNIVJAPAN2MIRAIKIKAIINC,JAPANABSTRACTTHEPURPOSEOFTHISRESEARCHISTODEVELOPTHEWINDOWCLEANINGROBOTFORCLEANINGASINGLELARGEWINDOWPANESUCHASASHOWWINDOWITREQUIRESTHEFOLLOWINGDEMANDSTOAPPLYTHEWINDOWCLEANINGROBOTFORTHEPRACTICALUSE1CLEANTHECORNEROFWINDOWBECAUSEFOULINGISLEFTTHEREOFTEN2SWEEPTHEWINDOWPANECONTINUOUSLYTOPREVENTMAKINGSTRIPEDPATTERNSONAWINDOWPANETHEKEYSOFMECHANISMSARETHEROTATABILITYOFTHEMOBILEPARTAROUNDTHEOTHERPARTSANDTHECONTINUOUSLOCOMOTIONINORDERTOACHIEVETHEABOVEPOINTSTHEFORMERENABLESTHEROBOTTOCHANGETHEDIRECTIONWITHKEEPINGITSPOSITIONANDATTITUDEATTHECORNEROFWINDOWTHELATTERISNECESSARYFORPREVENTINGLEAVINGTHESTRIPEDPATTERNONAWINDOWPANEWEDESIGNEDTHECONTINUOUSMOTIONUSINGTWOWHEELLOCOMOTIONWITHADHERINGONTHEWINDOWPANEUSINGASUCTIONCUPTHESIZEOFPROTOTYPEISABOUT300MM300MM100MMANDITSWEIGHTISABOUT2KGWITHOUTBATTERIESASTHERESULTSOFBASICEXPERIMENTSOFTHEPROTOTYPEONAVERTICALSMOOTHWINDOWGLASS,TRAVELINGVELOCITYOFGOINGUPDIRECTIONWAS008M/S,ONEOFGOINGDOWNDIRECTIONWAS014M/SANDHORIZONTALDIRECTIONWAS011M/SINTHISPAPERTHE1STCHAPTERMENTIONSBACKGROUNDANDOBJECTIVESOFTHISRESEARCH,ANDALSOINTRODUCESTHECONCEPTOFWALLWALKERTHE2NDCHAPTERDISCUSSESTHEADHERINGANDMOVINGMECHANISMTHE3RDCHAPTERILLUSTRATESITSBASICPROPERTIESBASEDONTHEEXPERIMENTSFINALLY,PROBLEMSANDFUTUREWORKSAREDISCUSSEDINTHE4THCHAPTER本科畢業(yè)生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）外文翻譯3–SIZE300MM300MM100MMTHESEAREALSODEFINEDBYTHERESULTSOFSURVEYINGTHEDEMANDSFROMTHECLEANINGCOMPANIESTHISPAPERPROPOSESTHESMALL,LIGHTANDPORTABLEWINDOWCLEANINGROBOTNAMEDWALLWALKER,WHICHAREDESIGNEDTOSATISFYTHEMARKETDEMANDSASMENTIONEDABOVEFIGURE1ISTHERENDERINGATASCENEOFPRACTICALUSEOFWALLWALKERTHEWALLWALKERISADHERINGONAWINDOWPANEANDCLEANINGASMOVINGONLARGEWINDOWSTHISPAPERDISCUSSESTHEEFFECTIVENESSOFPROPOSEDLOCOMOTIONMECHANISMTHE2NDCHAPTERDISCUSSESTHELOCOMOTIONMECHANISMSANDILLUSTRATESTHEPROTOTYPEFORTESTINGTHEPROPOSEDLOCOMOTIONMECHANISMTHE3RDCHAPTERILLUSTRATESITSBASICPROPERTIESBASEDONTHEEXPERIMENTSFIG1SMALLSIZEWINDOWCLEANINGROBOTONAWINDOW2LOCOMOTIONMECHANISMVARIOUSRESEARCHESOFLOCOMOTIONMECHANISMSONTHEWINDOWCLEANINGROBOTSHAVEBEENREPORTEDHOWEVERTHEYDONOTMEETOURSPECIFICATIONSDEFINEDBASEDONTHEMARKETDEMANDSABOVEMENTIONEDFOREXAMPLE,CLIMBINGROBOTBYLEGGEDWALKCANNOTREALIZETHECONTINUOUSMOVEMENT,ANDALSOITSTURNABILITYISLOW6CLIMBINGROBOTUSINGCRAWLERMECHANISMALLOWSCONTINUOUSMOVEMENT,BUTTHEROTATABILITYISASLOWASORLOWERTHANTHELEGGEDWALK7WINDOWCLEANINGROBOTBYCRAWLERMECHANISMHADBEENDEVELOPEDSIZE440400180MMWEIGHT65KGMAXIMUMSPEED2CM/SECBYSHRAFT

簡(jiǎn)介：中文中文8200字出處出處LILL,ZHANGYF,LIHY,ETALGENERATINGTOOLPATHWITHSMOOTHPOSTURECHANGEFORFIVEAXISSCULPTUREDSURFACEMACHININGBASEDONCUTTER’SACCESSIBILITYMAPJINTERNATIONALJOURNALOFADVANCEDMANUFACTURINGTECHNOLOGY,2010,535699709畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)中英文翻譯學(xué)生姓名學(xué)號(hào)學(xué)院專(zhuān)業(yè)指導(dǎo)教師年6月機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其自動(dòng)化不會(huì)造成任何干擾。在這個(gè)過(guò)程中，確保了加工表面質(zhì)量和刀具運(yùn)動(dòng)的平穩(wěn)是必須的，即刀具從一個(gè)點(diǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)到下一個(gè)點(diǎn)的變化必須最小化。刀具姿態(tài)的極端變化，這是避免干擾必要的，也是一個(gè)非正常的刀具運(yùn)動(dòng)的主要的原因，并會(huì)導(dǎo)致過(guò)度的情況下在五軸的表面光潔度和外觀1，2不可取的不規(guī)則切割。到目前為止，在取得刀位（CL）的連續(xù)光滑的刀具姿態(tài)變化沿著預(yù)先設(shè)定的路徑和切削方向的數(shù)據(jù)報(bào)告方面13，并沒(méi)有確定的方法，也沒(méi)有可以產(chǎn)生關(guān)于五軸切削方向完全切削的刀具運(yùn)動(dòng)動(dòng)力學(xué)與全局優(yōu)化問(wèn)題的CL數(shù)據(jù)的方法。本文介紹了一種新的優(yōu)化方法旨在取得CL數(shù)據(jù)和在五軸刀具路徑中生成平滑的刀具運(yùn)動(dòng)與高的切割效率。此方法基于兩套信息，這兩套信息的特點(diǎn)是描述零件曲面上一個(gè)點(diǎn)的潛在切割配置。第一個(gè)是刀具的可訪問(wèn)性地圖（A圖）代表兩個(gè)旋轉(zhuǎn)角度的無(wú)干涉的姿勢(shì)范圍。第二個(gè)是刀具的平整度地圖（S圖）表示沿所有可能的切割方向的姿態(tài)變化率?；谶@兩組的所有表面的采樣點(diǎn)的信息，與平滑的體位改變的初始刀具路徑生成。隨后，考慮到這兩個(gè)切割效率和刀具動(dòng)態(tài)，相鄰的路徑以一種迭代的方式一次生成，直到整個(gè)表面覆蓋。文中所提到的刀是一種圓柱狀的，其中也包括平端銑刀和球頭銑刀。本文的其余部分列舉如下，關(guān)于路徑生成和最優(yōu)化的工作在第2節(jié)再次提到，隨后是第3節(jié)中的關(guān)于A圖評(píng)價(jià)及其在最優(yōu)刀具選擇的應(yīng)用第4節(jié)介紹S地圖及評(píng)價(jià)方法的概念。第5條，提供了在五軸曲面加工的刀具路徑生成的新方法。第6節(jié)，給出了一個(gè)顯示算法有效性的例子。最后，結(jié)論載于第7節(jié)。2有關(guān)的工程有關(guān)的工程在過(guò)去的20年中，許多研究工作已在進(jìn)行自由曲面4五軸加工無(wú)干涉和最優(yōu)的刀具路徑的自動(dòng)生成的區(qū)域?qū)嵤Ｒ烟岢龊芏嗟姆椒?，包?ISO平面方法57；2ISO參數(shù)的方法8，9；和3常數(shù)扇形方法10－13。這些方法通常從部分曲面邊界開(kāi)始規(guī)劃?；诋?dāng)前路徑上的每個(gè)刀具接觸CC點(diǎn)，下一步（相鄰）路徑生成的考慮本地的曲面幾何和切割席卷信封。雖然表面幾何已被認(rèn)為在這些方法中，通常僅限于本地加工過(guò)切避免對(duì)用戶(hù)指定的切削方向思考。許多努力都集中在生成工具與加工效率高的道路。切削方向與零件表面的

簡(jiǎn)介：中文中文2940字出處出處WANGZM,EZUGWUEO,SUDADVANCESINTHEPRECISIONMACHININGOFSMALLDEEPHOLESJJOURNALOFMATERIALSPROCESSINGTECHNOLOGY,1997,683257261畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)中英文翻譯學(xué)生姓名學(xué)號(hào)學(xué)院專(zhuān)業(yè)指導(dǎo)教師年6月機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其自動(dòng)化圖1BTA鉆削系統(tǒng)在BTA鉆削系統(tǒng)的工具如圖2所示；圖2BTA上面的工具3我們很容易發(fā)現(xiàn)，BTA鉆削系統(tǒng)分成3個(gè)部分，IE在外面，中間的和最里面的部分。被完全分開(kāi)成3個(gè)部分，最里面的部分是為了改變，處在最中心的位置，其他兩個(gè)部分更側(cè)重于為了提高加工過(guò)程中的精度和質(zhì)量。最里面的角度是一個(gè)30度，4TA鉆削部分的理論方法，能夠被強(qiáng)有力的得到驗(yàn)證，而在圖2中依舊是被分成3個(gè)部分。首先是切削部分；一個(gè)金屬切削裝置處在鉆削系統(tǒng)中，通過(guò)3個(gè)方面的切削。也即負(fù)責(zé)這3個(gè)方面的加工內(nèi)容FT，F(xiàn)R，F(xiàn)A，在一個(gè)周期內(nèi)這3個(gè)方面完全組成了切削中心的3個(gè)精度要求。其次是加工深孔表面以及底面的部分，這個(gè)主要是為了降低表面粗糙度以及地面的粗糙度，和它們的精度。用公式表示如下；最后是潤(rùn)滑部分，如果鉆桿的特性不影響潤(rùn)滑以及摩擦的情況下，那么軸向力和力矩可以表示為；5力矩TR可以通過(guò)TBA鉆削系統(tǒng)來(lái)表示，并求出。為了真正的測(cè)出軸向力以及他們的力矩，必須把TBA系統(tǒng)鎖定在一定的范圍內(nèi)，這樣才能測(cè)出。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明，潤(rùn)滑效果如此之低，以至于用準(zhǔn)確的數(shù)據(jù)是很難準(zhǔn)確的把軸向力測(cè)出來(lái)。基于上述的一些結(jié)果沒(méi)錢(qián)哦悶可以用下述公式來(lái)表示軸向力；

簡(jiǎn)介：英文原文STUDYOFINHERENTSAFETYMINEHOISTBASEDONMODERNDESIGNMETHODSYANGLIJIE1,MENGXIANGYUN2,WANGGUIMEI1,NIUQINGNA11HEBEIUNIVERSITYOFENGINEERING,HANDAN,HEBEI,056038,CHINAYANGLIJIE255163COM2CHINATELECOMHANDANCOMPANY,HANDAN,HEBEI,056038,CHINAABSTRACTASAMODERNSECURITYDESIGN,INHERENTSAFETYMEANSTHATEQUIPMENTANDFACILITIESISABLETOCONTAINTHEINHERENTFUNDAMENTALFEATURESTOPREVENTACCIDENTSMINEHOISTISTHEMOSTIMPORTANTEQUIPMENTINTHECOALPRODUCTIONHOWTOACHIEVESAFE,RELIABLE,EFFICIENTPRODUCTIONHASBEENTHEFOCUSSTUDYATHOMEANDABROADINHERENTSAFETYISREFLECTEDINHOISTDESIGN,PRIMARILYTHROUGHTHEDESIGNMEASURESTOIMPROVETHEOPERATIONOFHOISTSAFETYANDRELIABILITYINTHISPAPER,INHERENTSAFETYTHEORYISAPPLIEDINTHEDESIGNOFMINEHOIST,TOPROPOSEDTHEDESIGNMETHODBYUSINGTHESOFTWAREOFPRO/E?PLC,LABVIEWETCKEYWORDSMINEHOISTINHERENTSAFETYPRO/EPLCLABVIEWIINTRODUCTIONINCOALPRODUCTION,MINEHOISTISTHEEQUIPMENTTOCARRYCOAL,GANGUE,MATERIALS,WORKERSANDEQUIPMENTSALONGTHEROCKSHAFT,THEONLYWAYLINKEDUNDERGROUNDANDABOVEGROUND,KNOWNASMINETHROATMINEHOISTISALARGESCALERECIPROCATINGMACHINERYWHICHHASTHEFEATUREOFOWNBIGINERTIA,LOADCHANGES,RUNNINGSPEED,ANDWIDERANGEETALTHEADVANTAGESANDDISADVANTAGESOFITSOPERATINGPERFORMANCE,NOTONLYDIRECTLYAFFECTTHENORMALPRODUCTIONANDCOALPRODUCTIONEFFICIENCY,BUTALSORELATETOEQUIPMENTANDPERSONALSAFETYINRECENTYEARS,MINEHOISTFAILURESANDACCIDENTSHAVEHAPPENEDATHOMEANDABROADWHICHHAVEPAIDAHEAVYPRICETOCOALCOMPANIESTHEREFORE,THEPRODUCTIONTECHNOLOGYANDSAFETYOFMINEHOISTAREHIGHER,ANDITSMECHANICALMANUFACTURINGTECHNOLOGYANDELECTRICALCONTROLTECHNOLOGYHASBEENANIMPORTANTRESEARCHAREATOTHEINTERNATIONALMACHINEBUILDINGINDUSTRYANDTHEELECTRICCONTROLINDUSTRYINHERENTSAFETYMEANSTHATEQUIPMENTANDFACILITIESISABLETOCONTAINTHEINHERENTFUNDAMENTALFEATURESTOPREVENTACCIDENTSINHERENTSAFETYLIESINDESIGN,THROUGHCONTINUOUSIMPROVEMENT,TOPREVENTACCIDENTSDUETOTHEEQUIPMENTITSELFFAILURESINHERENTSAFETYISREFLECTEDINHOISTDESIGN,PRIMARILYTHROUGHTHEDESIGNMEASURESTOIMPROVETHEOPERATIONOFHOISTSAFETYANDRELIABILITYINTHISPAPER,INHERENTSAFETYTHEORYISAPPLIEDINTHEDESIGNOFMINEHOIST,TOPROPOSEDTHEINHERENTSAFETYDESIGNMETHODBYUSETHESOFTWAREOFPRO/EPLC,LABVIEWETCFIGURE1MECHANICALSYSTEMDESIGNCCONTROLSYSTEMDESIGNMINEHOISTCONTROLSYSTEMINCLUDESSTART,RUN,BRAKE,ETC,THEREQUIREMENTSINCONTROLSYSTEMAREINNORMALHOISTOPERATION,PARTICIPATIONINHOISTSPEEDCONTROL,BRAKETHEHOISTWHENREACHINGTHEDESTINATION,KNOWNASTHESERVICEBRAKINGINCASEOFEMERGENCY,CANQUICKLYSLOWDOWNASREQUIRED,BRAKEHOIST,TOPREVENTTHEEXPANSIONOFTHEACCIDENT,THATISTHESAFETYBRAKINGPARTICIPATEINTHEHOISTSPEEDCONTROLWHENDECELERATITODOUBLEROLLERHOIST,SHOULDBRAKETHEMOVINGROLLERANDFIXROLLERRESPECTIVELYWHENREGULATINGROPELENGTH,REPLACEMENTLEVELANDCHANGINGROPE,SOTHAT,MOVINGROLLERWOULDNOTMOVEWHENSPINDLEROTATESWITHTHEFIXEDROLLERMOSTOFMINEHOISTSINCHINAMORETHAN70USETHETRADITIONALELECTRICCONTROLSYSTEMTKDAASTHEREPRESENTATIVETKDCONTROLSYSTEMISCOMPOSEDOFRELAYLOGICCIRCUITS,LARGEAIRCONTACTORS,TACHOMETERGENERATORETC,WHICHISATOUCHCONTROLSYSTEMAFTERYEARSOFDEVELOPMENT,TKDASERIESOFELECTRICCONTROLSYSTEMHASFORMEDITSOWNCHARACTERISTICS,BUTITSSHORTCOMINGSAREOBVIOUSITSELECTRICALCIRCUITISTOOCOMPLICATED,MULTILINE,CAUSINGHOISTPARKINGANDACCIDENTSOCCURREDDUETOELECTRICALFAULTWITHTHECOMPUTERANDDIGITALTECHNOLOGY,TOFORMADIGITALHOISTCONTROLSYSTEM

簡(jiǎn)介：畢業(yè)論文外文資料翻譯畢業(yè)論文外文資料翻譯題目平面磨削中形位誤差的改進(jìn)型離散系統(tǒng)模型學(xué)院濟(jì)南大學(xué)機(jī)械工程學(xué)院專(zhuān)業(yè)機(jī)械工程及自動(dòng)化班級(jí)機(jī)自0807學(xué)生魯帥帥學(xué)號(hào)20080403147指導(dǎo)教師指導(dǎo)教師昃向博二〇一二年月日濟(jì)南大學(xué)畢業(yè)論文外文資料翻譯2REMOVALRATEFOREFFICIENCYPROCESSOFTHEKINDISWIDELYUSEDTOACHIEVEHIGHACCURACYFORHIGHQUALITYMECHANICAL,ELECTRICAL,ANDOPTICALPARTSKARPUSCHEWSKIANDINASAKI,2006SURFACEGRINDINGISONEFORPRECISIONMACHININGOFSURFACESTOACHIEVEHIGHERACCURACYFORQUALITYCONTROL,ITISESSENTIALTODEVELOPEFFECTIVEMODELSTOREALIZEPRECISIONCONTROLOFTHEMACHININGPROCESSFORGRINDINGPROCESSMODELING,MODELSOFMULTIPLEASPECTSBA?ASZANDKRóLIKOWSKI,2007,SUCHASMODELOFGRAINHORNG,2008MAMALISETAL,2001,MODELOFGRINDINGWHEELTOPOGRAPHYBIGERELLEETAL,2005ZHOUANDXI,2002,MODELOFHEATTRANSFERLIAOETAL,2000,MODELOFPROCESSKINEMATICSWECKETAL,2001ZHANGETAL,2005,MODELOFCHIPFORMATIONGOPALANDRAO,2004HECKERETAL,2007,MODELOFFORCEHEKMANANDLIANG,1999JENKINSANDKURFESS,1999TANGETAL,2008,ANDMODELOFPOWERNANDIAETAL,2004,HAVEBEENEXAMINEDTHEGRAINORMATERIALREMOVALMODELHORNG,2008WASBASEDONSURFACEASPERITYCONTACTMECHANICSTHEELASTIC–PLASTICEFFECTSINTHEWEARMECHANISMWERECONSIDEREDTOBERELATEDTOTHEDENSITYOFABRASIVEGRAINSMAMALISETAL2001PROPOSEDAMODELFORINTERACTIONBETWEENHARDPOLYCRYSTALLINEMATERIALSANDWHEELGRAINDURINGGRINDINGWORNSURFACESOFGRINDINGWHEELMAYBEMODELEDUSINGFRACTALFUNCTIONSBIGERELLEETAL,2005AROUGHNESSPREDICTIONMODELFORWHEELTOPOGRAPHY,WEAR,ANDGRINDINGKINEMATICSWASESTABLISHEDBYZHOUANDXI2002THETHERMALMODELBYLIAOETAL2000INVOLVEDATHERMALEFFECTOFGRAINANDWORKPIECEINTERFACEANDASHEARPLANEBETWEENWORKPIECEANDCHIPTHETEMPERATUREOFTHEWORKPIECESURFACEINTHEGRINDINGZONECOULDBEPREDICTEDADYNAMICBEHAVIORMODELFORTHECYLINDRICALTRAVERSEGRINDINGPROCESSINTHETIMEDOMAINWASPRESENTEDBYWECKETAL2001ANONLINEARDYNAMICMODELTOINVESTIGATETHEDYNAMICCHARACTERISTICSOFTHEGRINDINGPROCESSWASPROPOSEDBY

簡(jiǎn)介：中文中文43504350字畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）外文翻譯畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）外文翻譯（屆）屆）外文題目外文題目ALTERNATIVEALTERNATIVETRENDSTRENDSININDEVELOPMENTDEVELOPMENTOFOFTHERMALTHERMALPOWERPOWERPLANTPLANT譯文題目譯文題目熱力發(fā)電廠發(fā)展的替代趨勢(shì)熱力發(fā)電廠發(fā)展的替代趨勢(shì)外文出處外文出處THERMALTHERMALENGINEERINGENGINEERING282820082008190194190194學(xué)生學(xué)院專(zhuān)業(yè)班級(jí)校內(nèi)指導(dǎo)教師校內(nèi)指導(dǎo)教師專(zhuān)業(yè)技術(shù)職務(wù)專(zhuān)業(yè)技術(shù)職務(wù)校外指導(dǎo)老師校外指導(dǎo)老師專(zhuān)業(yè)技術(shù)職務(wù)專(zhuān)業(yè)技術(shù)職務(wù)二○一○年三月年三月第2頁(yè)共12頁(yè)W熱力舊電站每1的產(chǎn)電對(duì)應(yīng)排氣中的SO2占59/421405，我們來(lái)列出最終“氣體排放電力生產(chǎn)”的比例每1產(chǎn)電的排氣電站SO2NOXCO2舊140511191000新070709141000新電站排出的SO2和NOX低于舊電站，這點(diǎn)毫無(wú)意義。但二氧化碳的排放是有可比性的,這可由生產(chǎn)熱能所采用的制度的本質(zhì)來(lái)解釋因?yàn)槿紵氖呛既剂?，氧化后的最終產(chǎn)物是二氧化碳?？梢哉f(shuō)，30年來(lái)還沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)任何減少二氧化碳與熱量排放的根本方法，而二氧化碳與熱量正是引起全球溫室效應(yīng)及氣候變暖的主因。2通過(guò)改變工作介質(zhì)的熱物理性質(zhì)來(lái)提高電廠效率通過(guò)改變工作介質(zhì)的熱物理性質(zhì)來(lái)提高電廠效率效率是指電站生產(chǎn)的熱功W與產(chǎn)電所消耗的熱能GF之比（1）FGW??因此，提高電廠效率（如礦物燃料電廠）有兩種不同的方法1保持產(chǎn)電消耗熱能（GF）不變，提高熱工（W）,電廠采用聯(lián)合循環(huán)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)這個(gè)方法，即通過(guò)燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)再利用排氣熱量。2保持熱工（W）不變，降低產(chǎn)電消耗熱能（GF）。另一個(gè)提高電廠效率的方法是不斷改變工作介質(zhì)的熱物理性質(zhì)。本文章從生態(tài)和自然限制方面做出了對(duì)這個(gè)方法的理論分析。本文將簡(jiǎn)要介紹研究的基本路線和取得的成果。21改變傳統(tǒng)的工作介質(zhì)的熱性能改變傳統(tǒng)的工作介質(zhì)的熱性能從技術(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)的角度看，提高火力發(fā)電廠效率最簡(jiǎn)單的方法是通過(guò)采用磁流體共振來(lái)改變工作介質(zhì)即水的熱物理性質(zhì)。這種方法的本質(zhì)是水的二階相變。這個(gè)過(guò)程的特點(diǎn)是改變水在每個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)變點(diǎn)的所有性質(zhì)。但參照熱過(guò)程，改變汽化熱和熱能力的可能性至關(guān)重要。這個(gè)方法在技術(shù)上可行的簡(jiǎn)單之處在于它的實(shí)現(xiàn)不需要重新設(shè)計(jì)火力發(fā)電廠。這意味著使用磁流體共振的方法可在任何電站使用，不管電站是新還是舊。換句話說(shuō)，要改善任何熱電廠的生態(tài)環(huán)境，特別是減少二氧化碳的排放，能在最短的時(shí)間內(nèi)完成。為能夠在蒸汽發(fā)生器給水線中正確選擇設(shè)備（即磁流體諧振器）的安裝位置并精確調(diào)整使得汽化熱或熱容下降。但水的性質(zhì)使得熱容提高導(dǎo)致氣化熱提高，反之亦然。計(jì)算結(jié)果顯示使用磁流體諧振器很可能使電廠效率提升10。這樣能減少29的燃料消耗、29的固氣排放、52的熱排放（在熱電廠裝備容量不變的情況下）。

簡(jiǎn)介：附錄附錄附錄附錄1外文資料外文資料KINEMATICANDDYNAMICSYNTHESISOFAPARALLELKINEMATICHIGHSPEEDDRILLINGMACHINEABSTRACTTYPICALLY,THETERM‘‘HIGHSPEEDDRILLING’’ISRELATEDTOSPINDLECAPABILITYOFHIGHCUTTINGSPEEDSTHESUGGESTEDHIGHSPEEDDRILLINGMACHINEHSDMEXTENDSTHISTERMTOINCLUDEVERYFASTANDACCURATEPOINTTOPOINTMOTIONSTHENEWHSDMISCOMPOSEDOFAPLANARPARALLELMECHANISMWITHTWOLINEARMOTORSASTHEINPUTSTHEPAPERISFOCUSEDONTHEKINEMATICANDDYNAMICSYNTHESISOFTHISPARALLELKINEMATICMACHINEPKMTHEKINEMATICSYNTHESISINTRODUCESANEWMETHODOLOGYOFINPUTMOTIONPLANNINGFORIDEALDRILLINGOPERATIONANDACCURATEPOINTTOPOINTPOSITIONINGTHEDYNAMICSYNTHESISAIMSATREDUCINGTHEINPUTPOWEROFTHEPKMUSINGASPRINGELEMENTKEYWORDSPARALLELKINEMATICMACHINEHIGHSPEEDDRILLINGKINEMATICANDDYNAMICSYNTHESIS1INTRODUCTIONDURINGTHERECENTYEARS,ALARGEVARIETYOFPKMSWEREINTRODUCEDBYRESEARCHINSTITUTESANDBYINDUSTRIESMOST,BUTNOTALL,OFTHESEMACHINESWEREBASEDONTHEWELLKNOWNSTEWARTPLATFORM1CONFIGURATIONTHEADVANTAGESOFTHESEPARALLELSTRUCTURESAREHIGHNOMINALLOADTOWEIGHTRATIO,GOODPOSITIONALACCURACYANDARIGIDSTRUCTURE2THEMAINDISADVANTAGESOFSTEWARTTYPEPKMSARETHESMALLWORKSPACERELATIVETOTHEOVERALLSIZEOFTHEMACHINEANDRELATIVELYSLOWOPERATIONSPEED3,4WORKSPACEOFAMACHINETOOLISDEFINEDASTHEVOLUMEWHERETHETIPOFTHETOOLCANMOVEANDCUTMATERIALTHEDESIGNOFAPLANARSTEWARTPLATFORMWASMENTIONEDIN5ASANAFFORDABLEWAYOFRETROFITTINGNONCNCMACHINESREQUIREDFORPLASTICMOULDSMACHININGTHEDESIGNOFTHEPKM5ALLOWEDADJUSTABLEGEOMETRYTHATCOULDHAVEBEENOPTIMALLYRECONFIGUREDFORANYPRESCRIBEDPATHTYPICALLY,CHANGINGTHELENGTHOFONEORMORELINKSINACONTROLLEDSEQUENCEDOESTHEADJUSTMENTOFPKMGEOMETRYTHEAPPLICATIONOFTHEPKMSWITH‘‘CONSTANTLENGTHLINKS’’FORTHEDESIGNOFMACHINETOOLSISLESSCOMMONTHANTHETYPEWITH‘‘VARYINGLENGTHLINKS’’ANEXCELLENTEXAMPLEOFA‘‘CONSTANTLENGTHLINKS’’TYPEOFMACHINEISSHOWNIN6RENAULTAUTOMATIONCOMAUHASBUILTTHEMACHINENAMED‘‘URANESX’’THEHSDMDESCRIBEDHEREINUTILIZESAPARALLELMECHANISMWITHCONSTANTLENGTHLINKSDRILLINGOPERATIONSAREWELLINTRODUCEDINTHELITERATURE7ANEXTENSIVEEXPERIMENTALSTUDYOFHIGHSPEEDDRILLINGOPERATIONSFORTHEAUTOMOTIVEINDUSTRYISREPORTEDIN8DATAWASCOLLECTEDFROMHUNDREDSCONTROLLEDDRILLINGEXPERIMENTSINORDERTOSPECIFYTHEPARAMETERSREQUIREDFORQUALITYDRILLINGIDEALDRILLINGMOTIONSAND21EQUATIONSOFMOTIONOFTHEPKMMODULEWITHRIGIDLINKSUSINGCOMPLEXNUMBERREPRESENTATIONOFMECHANISMS12,THEKINEMATICEQUATIONSOFTHETOOLUNITINDICATEDASPART3WHICHINCLUDESTHEPLATFORM,THESPINDLEANDTHETOOLAREDEVELOPEDASFOLLOWSTHEDISPLACEMENTOFTHETOOLISANDWHEREBISTHEDISTANCEBETWEENPOINTBANDPOINTC,RISTHELENGTHOFLINKABTHELENGTHSOFLINKAB,CDANDCEAREEQUALTHEVELOCITYOFTHETOOLISWHERETHEACCELERATIONOFTHETOOLISWHERETHEDYNAMICEQUATIONSOFTHEPKMMODULEAREDEVELOPEDUSINGLAGRANGE’SEQUATIONOFTHESECONDKIND13ASSHOWNINEQ7

簡(jiǎn)介：機(jī)械專(zhuān)業(yè)中英文文獻(xiàn)翻譯中文中文3096字英文原文英文原文DISPERSIONOFNANOPARTICLESBYNOVELWETTYPEPULVERIZERUTILIZEDSUPERSONICJETFLOWABSTRACTWEHAVEEXAMINEDTHEDISPERSIONOFBARIUMTITANATENANOPARTICLESBTNPSANDHAVEDISCUSSEDTHEEFFECTOFAIRPRESSURESUPPLIEDTOTHENOZZLEONTHEDISPERSIONBYUSINGNOVELWETTYPEPULVERIZERUTILIZEDSUPERSONICJETFLOWSSJMTHEAGGREGATEDPARTICLESIZEWASDECREASEDWITHINCREASINGTHEAIRPRESSUREANDTHECOLLISIONTIMESINTHEOPTIMIZEDCONDITION,ALMOSTTHEBTNPSWEREDISPERSEDWITHTHEPRIMARYPARTICLES,HOWEVER,FURTHEREXCESSIVECOLLISIONHADCAUSEDREAGGREGATIONSTHEDEGREEOFDISPERSIONHASBEENAFFECTEDBYTHEAIRPRESSURETHEINJECTEDDROPLETSHADFORMEDALMOSTTHESAMEDIAMETERREGARDLESSOFAIRPRESSUREANDTHEVELOCITYWASINCREASEDWITHINCREASINGOFTHEAIRPRESSUREANDREACHED300M/SWEHAVESPECULATEDTHATTHESHOCKWAVEDOMINATESTHEDISPERSIONOFBTNPS1INTRODUCTIONNANOPARTICLESAREREQUIREDHIGHLYINMANYAPPLICATIONSSUCHASDIELECTRICMATERIALSFORELECTRONICDEVICES,ELECTRODEMATERIALSFORSECONDARYBATTERIES,ETCTHENANOPARTICLESHAVEBEENFREQUENTLYPRODUCEDBYTHESOCALLEDBUILDUPPROCESSESSUCHASHYDROTHERMALPROCESS,COPRECIPITATIONPROCESS,ANDSOLGELMETHODFOREXPLOITINGSIZEEFFECTOFNANOPARTICLES,ITISCRUCIALTOCONTROLTHEDISPERSIONANDAGGREGATIONOFTHENANOPARTICLESINSUSPENSIONHOWEVER,NANOPARTICLESAGGREGATEMOREEASILYANDSTRONGLYTHANSUBMICRONSIZEDPARTICLES,ANDAGGREGATEDNANOPARTICLESDONOTFRAGMENTEASILYTHEREFORE,ITISQUITEDIFFICULTTODISPERSENANOPARTICLESPERFECTLY,ANDTHEDISPERSIONOFNANOPARTICLESHASBECOMEAFUNDAMENTALTECHNIQUEFORHANDLINGNANOPARTICLESININDUSTRIESITHASBEENREPORTEDTHATHENANOPARTICLESWEREWELLDISPERSEDBYUSINGBEADSMILL1BEADMILLINGWITHBALLSSEVERALTENSOFMICROMETERSINDIAMETERHASRECENTLYBEENDEVELOPEDASANEWMETHODTODISPERSENANOPARTICLESTOALMOSTPRIMARYPARTICLESIZE1HOWEVER,THECONTAMINATIONCAUSEDBYTHEGRINDEDBALLINBEADMILLINGWASTENTIMESHIGHERTHANTHATCAUSEDBYDRYGRINDING2FORPROVIDINGNANOPARTICLESDISPERSINGMETHODTHATCANSOLVETHEABOVEPROBLEM,WEHAVEDEVELOPEDNOVELWETTYPEPULVERIZERUTILIZEDSUPERSONICJETFLOWHEREAFTERREFERREDTOASSUPERSONICWETJETMILLSSJMINTHISSTUDY,WEHAVEREPORTEDTHEDISPERSINGRESULTOFBARIUMTITANATENANOPARTICLESBTNPSANDHAVEDISCUSSEDTHEEFFECTOFAIRPRESSUREONTHEDISPERSIONBYUSINGTHESSJM2EXPERIMENTALAPPARATUSANDPROCEDURE21EXPERIMENTALAPPARATUSFIGURE1SHOWSSCHEMATICDIAGRAMOFTHESSJMLEFTTHERIGHTPARTOFDESCRIBESSHOWSTHE機(jī)械專(zhuān)業(yè)中英文文獻(xiàn)翻譯NANOZS,MALVERN,UKASHAPEANDMICROSTRUCTUREOFTHEBTNPSWEREEXAMINEDWITHATRANSMISSIONELECTRONMICROSCOPETEM,JEM3200EX,JEOL,JAPANANDAFIELDEMISSIONSCANNINGELECTRONMICROSCOPEFESEM,S4800,HITACHI,JAPANFORDISCUSSINGTHEEFFECTOFAIRPRESSUREONTHEDISPERSIONBYUSEOFTHESSJM,SIZEANDVELOCITYDISTRIBUTIONSOFDROPLETSWEREMEASUREDASFOLLOWSDISTILLEDWATERWASINJECTEDUNDERVARIOUSAIRPRESSURESFROM03TO06MPATHESIZEANDVELOCITYDISTRIBUTIONOFDROPLETSATADISTANCEOF100MMAWAYFROMTHENOZZLEEXITWEREMEASUREDSIMULTANEOUSLYBYPHASEDOPPLERANEMOMETRYDANTECDYNAMICS,DENMARK3RESULTANDDISCUSSIONFIGURE2EFFECTOFCOLLISIONNUMBERONCUMULATIVEMEANDIAMETEROFSOLGELBTSUSPENSIONSUNDERVARIOUSAIRPRESSURESFIGURE4FESEMIMAGESOFHYDROTHERMALBTNPSAANDBWEREBEFORECOLLISIONPROCESS,ANDCANDDWEREAFTERCOLLISIONPROCESSFOR3TIMESAT06MPA31DISPERSIONOFBTNPSFIGURE2SHOWSCHANGEOFCUMULATIVEMEANDIAMETERDA,OFWHICHTHEVALUEREPRESENTSTHEAVERAGEAGGREGATEDSIZE,WITHCOLLISIONNUMBERUNDERVARIOUSAIRPRESSURESFORSOLGELBTTEMIMAGESOFBTNPSCOLLIDEDUNDERVARIOUSCONDITIONSWERESHOWNINFIGURE3DAOFTHEBTNPS