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簡介：ELECTRONICCOPYAVAILABLEATHTTP//SSRNCOM/ABSTRACT2773629REALITYTVSHOW1CONTENTIONWITHREALITYTVSHOWSHOULDREALITYTVEDUCATEASMUCHASENTERTAINCASESTUDYTHEXFACTORBENJAMINABWANZO18THMARCH2016REALITYTVSHOW3TABLEOFCONTENTSABSTRACT2INTRODUCTION4BACKGROUNDOFREALITYTV5ANOVERVIEWOFXFACTOR6REALITYTELEVISIONTARGETAUDIENCE6COGNITIONANDREALITYTELEVISION8ANALYSISOFTHE‘CONCRETEXFACTORAUDIENCE’8ANALYSISOFTHE‘FORMALOPERATIONXFACTORAUDIENCE’9PERFORMANCEANDAUTHENTICITY11UTILIZINGREALITYTVTOENTERTAIN12INFORMATIONDISSEMINATIONVIAREALITYTV13IMPLICATIONOFUSINGREALITYTVFORENTERTAINMENTANDEDUCATION15CONCLUSION16REFERENCES18

簡介：中文中文7000字附錄附錄B外文文獻(xiàn)及中文外文文獻(xiàn)及中文翻譯翻譯外文原文外文原文

簡介：中文中文4650字，字，2600英文單詞，英文單詞，16500英文字符英文字符本科畢業(yè)論文外文資料翻譯系別經(jīng)濟(jì)系專業(yè)會計學(xué)姓名名XX學(xué)號號XX指導(dǎo)教師XX職稱稱講師201年月日COMPANIESWITHTHEIRCHOICEFORMOREADVANTAGEOUSCORPORATEACTIONS,THUSBECOMINGMOREPROFITABLEANDCOMPETITIVETHEALIGNMENTBETWEENTHECOMPANIES’COSTMANAGEMENTMETHODSANDCOMPETITIVESTRATEGIESALLOWSOBTAININGIMPROVEMENTSINGLOBALIZEDOPERATIONSPRODUCTIVITYANDCOMPETITIVITY2RESEARCHPROBLEMTHERESEARCHPROBLEMWASTHATOFANALYZINGHOWCOSTMANAGEMENTMODELS–WHENUSINGTRADITIONALCOSTINGANDACTIVITYBASEDCOSTINGMETHODS,CANSUPPORTOPERATIONSMANAGEMENT,ASWELLASTOVERIFYTHEFEASIBILITYANDADEQUACYOFTHEACTIVITYBASEDMANAGEMENTMODELINTHEDEVELOPMENTOFAGLOBALCOSTCENTEREDCOMPETITIVESTRATEGY,VERIFYINGITSEFFICACYINTHECOMPANIES’GLOBALCORPORATESTRATEGYMANAGEMENT21RESEARCHMETHODOLOGYFIRSTLY,THELITERATUREONSTRATEGICMANAGEMENT,GLOBALIZEDOPERATIONSMANAGEMENT,ANDACTIVITYBASEDMANAGEMENTISREVIEWEDMULTIPLECASESTUDIESWEREALSOCONDUCTEDTODEMONSTRATETHEEFFICACYOFTHEUSEOFCOSTMANAGEMENTMODELSALIGNEDTOOPERATIONSTRATEGYTHEPURPOSEOFTHERESEARCHWASTOUNDERSTANDHOWECONOMICINFORMATIONPROVIDESSUPPORTTOCOMPETITIVESTRATEGIES,ANDHOWTHEALIGNMENTBETWEENCOSTMANAGEMENTMODELSANDOPERATIONSGLOBALSTRATEGYISCONDUCTEDTHEREFORE,BASEDONTHETHEORETICALREFERENCESSTUDIED,THEFOLLOWINGPROPOSITIONSAREINVESTIGATEDCORPORATESTRATEGYREQUIRESECONOMICINFORMATIONINSEVERALFORMATS–INFORMATIONONPRODUCTCOSTS,PROCESSES,TRADECHANNELS,NETWORKSANDSUPPLYCHAINSETCTHEDECISIONSONTHEDIFFERENTASPECTSOFOPERATIONSMANAGEMENTPLANNING,ORGANIZATION,DECISIONANDCONTROL,HAVETOCONSIDERMAINLYECONOMICANDFINANCIAL,BESIDESPHYSICAL,OPERATIONAL,TECHNOLOGICALANDINSTITUTIONALINFORMATIONECONOMICDECISIONSAFFECTGLOBALIZEDOPERATIONSDAYTODAYTHEACTIVITYBASEDMANAGEMENTMODELPROVIDESANEFFICIENTWAYFORTHEMANAGEMENTOFGLOBALANDINTERREGIONALOPERATIONGOALSTOINVESTIGATETHERESEARCHPROBLEMANDTHEPROPOSITIONSPOSED,THEOPTIONWASFORAQUALITATIVERESEARCH,DEVELOPEDBYMEANSOFTHEMULTIPLECASESTUDIESAPPROACHYIN,1991THERESEARCHPROTOCOLWASSTRUCTUREDONTHERESEARCHQUESTIONNAIREPRESENTEDINANNEXI,SERVINGASABASEFORCOLLECTINGDATAINTHECOMPANIESRESEARCHED,THERESPONSESOFWHICHSUPPORTEDTHECASESTUDIESTHATWILLBEPRESENTEDFURTHERONTHESUMMARIZEDRESEARCHQUESTIONNAIREBELOWHASTHEFOLLOWINGSTRUCTUREQUESTION1ASSESSESWHETHERTHECOMPANIESFITTHESCOPEOFTHERESEARCHQUESTIONS2AND3VERIFYHOWCOMPANIESPLANTHEIROPERATIONSANDDEALWITHTHETRADEOFFSRESPONSIBLEFORTHEIRCOMPETITIVITYWILD,1977SKINNER,1996QUESTIONS4AND6EVALUATETHEFOREIGNENVIRONMENTANDTHEGLOBALOPERATIONS

簡介：HIGHPERFORMANCECONTROLOFABOOSTACDCPWMRECTIFIERINDUCTIONGENERATORSYSTEMJYOTISASTRY,OLORUNFEMIOJO,ZHIQIAOWUDEPARTMENTOFELECTRICALANDCOMPUTERENGINEERING/CENTERFORENERGYSYSTEMSRESEARCHLABORATORYFORELECTRICMACHINESANDPOWERELECTRONICSTENNESSEETECHNOLOGICALUNIVERSITYCOOKEVILLE,TN38505,USAPHONE9313723869,FAX9313723436,EMAILJOJOTNTECHEDUABSTRACTTHISPAPERPRESENTSACONTROLMETHODOLOGYFORTHEDCVOLTAGEREGULATIONOFANINDUCTIONGENERATORACDCBOOSTRECTIFIERSYSTEMINWHICHTHECOPPERLOSSOFTHEGENERATORISMINIMIZEDWITHTHEAIDOFANINPUTOUTPUTLINEARIZATIONTECHNIQUE,WHICHLINEARIZESANDDECOUPLESTHEMODELEQUATIONSINTHESYNCHRONOUSREFERENCEFRAME,AROTORFLUXVECTORCONTROLTYPEHIGHPERFORMANCEISACHIEVEDSTEADYSTATEANALYSISPROVIDESSOMEINSIGHTSINTOTHEOPERABILITYREGIMEOFTHEGENERATORTHEEFFECTIVENESSOFTHECONTROLSCHEMEUNDERDIFFERENTLOADCONDITIONSASWELLASVARYINGROTORSPEEDSHASBEENDEMONSTRATEDBYCOMPUTERSIMULATIONSSOMEEXPERIMENTALRESULTSAREINCLUDEDINDEXWORDSINDUCTIONGENERATOR,ACDCPWMRECTIFIER,EXCITATION,INPUTOUTPUTLINEARIZATION,BUTTERWORTHPOLYNOMIALS,MAGNETIZINGFLUXSATURATIONIINTRODUCTIONGROWINGRESEARCHANDREALAPPLICATIONINTERESTSINALTERNATIVEENERGYSYSTEMSSUCHASWINDENERGYHASINCREASEDTHEUSEOFTHEINDUCTIONMACHINEASAGENERATORBECAUSEOFINHERENTADVANTAGESOFSUCHASLOWCOST,REDUCEDMAINTENANCE,RUGGEDANDSIMPLECONSTRUCTION,BRUSHLESSROTORSQUIRRELCAGEANDSOONTHEOPERATIONOFANINDUCTIONMACHINEASAMOTORORGENERATORISDETERMINEDBYTHEOPERATINGSLIPOFTHEMACHINEAPOSITIVEOPERATIONALSLIPWOULDINDICATETHEOPERATIONOFTHEMACHINEASAMOTOR,ANDANEGATIVESLIPWOULDINDICATETHEGENERATINGMODEOFTHEMACHINEITISWELLKNOWNTHATANINDUCTIONMACHINECANBEMADETOWORKASASELFEXCITEDGENERATOR,IETHEGENERATORCANBEEXCITEDBYTHEACONNECTIONOFTHREECAPACITORSATTHESTATORTERMINALSOFTHEMACHINEBBYUSINGANINVERTER/RECTIFIERSYSTEM1INTHECASEOFTHEINVERTER/RECTIFIERSYSTEM,THEDCSIDECAPACITORAPPEARSLIKETHREEPHASECAPACITORSDUETOTHESWITCHINGSIGNALSOFTHEINVERTER,ANDTHESINGLEDCCAPACITOROFTHERECTIFIERPROVIDESTHEREQUIREDEXCITATIONFORTHEINDUCTIONGENERATORANEXTENSIVEOVERVIEWILLUSTRATINGTHEVASTAMOUNTOFWORKDONEINDIFFERENTAREASOVERTHELAST25YEARSSUCHASSELFEXCITATION,VOLTAGEBUILDUPMODELING,STEADYSTATEANALYSISOFANINDUCTIONMACHINEHASBEENPRESENTEDIN2ALSO,INPREVIOUSLYPUBLISHEDWORK,THEVECTORCONTROLOFTHEINDUCTIONGENERATORRECTIFIERSYSTEMTOPRODUCEDCPOWERINWHICHTHERECTIFIERALSOPROVIDESTHEEXCITATIONHASBEENREPORTED3THESYSTEMHASBEENSTUDIEDSPECIFICALLYFORAPPLICATIONSRELATEDTOWINDENERGY,THEREBYSTUDYINGTHECONTROLLERRESPONSEFORVARYINGROTORSPEEDSALSOTHESTABILITYOFANINDUCTIONGENERATORRECTIFIERUNDERFIELDORIENTATIONCONTROLHASBEENSTUDIEDIN4,HIGHLIGHTINGTHEPOSSIBLEINSTABILITYOFANINDUCTIONGENERATORUSEDINHIGHSPEEDAPPLICATIONSTHECONTROLMETHODADOPTEDINTHISPAPERHASBEENLAIDOUTINDETAIL,ILLUSTRATINGTHEINPUTOUTPUTLINEARIZATIONMETHODUSEDINSEPARATINGTHELINEARFROMTHENONLINEARTERMSINTHESYSTEMMODELEQUATIONSTHEPROPOSEDCONTROLSCHEMEHASBEENTESTEDFORITSEFFECTIVENESSBYVARYINGLOADCONDITIONSASWELLASVARYINGTHEROTORSPEEDOFTHEMACHINETHEMACHINEHASBEENOPERATEDATACONDITIONOFMINIMUMCOPPERLOSS5THECONDITIONOFMINIMUMLOSSISACHIEVEDBYREGULATINGTHECOMMANDROTORFLUXUSINGALOSSMINIMIZATIONFUNCTIONTHESTEADYSTATEANALYSISDEALSWITHTHEOPERATIONOFTHESELFEXCITEDGENERATORUNDERCONDITIONSOFSATURATION6THEINDUCTIONMACHINEHASBEENSTUDIEDFORITSOUTPUTPOWERCAPABILITYANDTHEEFFECTOFTHEPARAMETERSOFTHEMACHINEONTHEOPERATIONOFTHEMACHINEUNDERDIFFERENTLOADCONDITIONSTHEANALYSISINTHISPAPERAIMSATHIGHLIGHTINGTHEEFFECTOFTHEMAGNETIZINGFLUXONTHEEXCITATIONREQUIREMENTSOFTHESYSTEMWITHTHEMAGNITUDEOFTHEMODULATIONSIGNALASAMEASUREOFTHEREQUIREDEXCITATIONBYFIXINGTHEMAGNETIZINGFLUXLINKAGETHEREQUIREDMODULATIONINDEXFOREXCITATIONOFTHEMACHINECANBEDETERMINEDALONGWITHTHEEFFECTOFSATURATION,THESYSTEMHASBEENSTUDIEDUNDERACONDITIONOFMINIMUMCOPPERLOSSTHEORGANIZATIONOFTHISPAPERISASFOLLOWSSECTIONSIIANDIIIDETAILTHEMODELSOFTHETHREEPHASEBOOSTRECTIFIERANDINDUCTIONGENERATORRESPECTIVELYTHEMODELOFTHECOMBINEDSYSTEMHASALSOBEENINCLUDEDINSECTIONIIISECTIONIVDEALSWITHTHESTEADYSTATEANALYSISOFTHEIAS200510070780392086/05/2000?2005IEEEIAS200510070780392086/05/2000?2005IEEETHEEFFECTOFMAGNETICAIRGAPFLUXLINKAGESATURATIONISTAKENINTOACCOUNT6THEANALYSISAIMSATDETERMININGTHEVALUEOFTHEMAGNITUDEOFTHEMODULATIONINDEXREQUIREDFORTHEEXCITATIONOFTHEGENERATOR,TAKINGINTOACCOUNTTHEEFFECTOFSATURATIONANDACONDITIONOFMINIMUMTOTALCOPPERLOSSINTHEMACHINEUNDERSATURATEDCONDITIONS,THEMAGNETIZINGINDUCTANCEVARIESWITHTHEMAGNETIZINGFLUXASSHOWNINFIGURE2FORA2HPINDUCTIONMACHINETHEREFERENCEFRAMETRANSFORMATIONANGLEOFTHEVOLTAGEEQUATIONSASSUMESTHEALIGNMENTOFTHEQAXISWITHTHEMAGNETIZINGFLUXLINKAGEHENCE,THEDAXISMAGNETIZINGFLUXISASSUMEDTOBEZERO,ANDTHEDAXISMAGNETIZINGINDUCTANCEISCONSTANTHOWEVERTHEQAXISMAGNETIZINGINDUCTANCEISAFUNCTIONOFTHEMAGNETIZINGFLUX,WHICHISAPPROXIMATEDBYAPOLYNOMIALGIVENIN1326871154754181MMMQLΛΛ?13QDRSQDSSSDCQDSBPJTVMΛΛΩ??214QDSRQDRSRBPJTΛΛΩ?015LDCQSQDSDCRVIMALCPV?RE2316WHEREΩSISTHESLIPFREQUENCYDEFINEDASRESΩΩΩ?DLRTRSSDLRBMRR?DLRTSRRDLRBMSS?2MRSLLLD?FIG2VARIATIONOFTHERECIPROCALOFTHEMAGNETIZINGINDUCTANCEWITHTHEMAGNETIZINGFLUXDURINGSTEADYSTATE,THEDERIVATIVES,PIN1416AREZEROALONGWITHACCOUNTINGFORMAGNETICSATURATIONOFTHEAIRGAPFLUXLINKAGEINTHEMACHINE,THEANALYSISAIMSATTHEOPERATIONOFTHEMACHINEATMINIMUMTOTALCOPPERLOSSTHETOTALCOPPERLOSS17INTHEMACHINEISMINIMUM,WHENITSDERIVATIVEWITHTHEROTORSLIPISZEROTHISCONDITIONISACHIEVEDBYAPPROPRIATESELECTIONOFTHEOPERATINGSLIPOFTHEMACHINE,GIVENBYEQUATION18THESLIPISPLOTTEDASAFUNCTIONOFTHEMAGNETIZINGINDUCTANCEINFIGURE3FIG3VARIATIONOFTHESLIPWITHTHEMAGNETIZINGFLUX2222LOSSCOPPER23DRQRRDSQSSIIRIIRP17112222MAX??MRRSRSRLRLRRRSΩ18TOOBTAINARELATIONSHIPBETWEENTHEMAGNITUDEOFTHEMODULATIONINDEXMANDTHEMAGNETIZINGFLUX,THESTATORCURRENTSINEQUATION16AREEXPRESSEDINTERMSOFTHESTATORFLUXESREARRANGINGEQUATION15QDSSRRQDRJTBΛΩΛ??19SUBSTITUTINGEQUATION19IN14?????????SRRSESDCQDSQDSJTBBJTVMΩΩΛ220THESTATORCURRENTSCANBEEXPRESSEDINTERMSOFTHESTATORFLUXESASQDSSRMRRQDSJTDLBDLIΛΩ???????21SUBSTITUTING20IN21ANDELIMINATINGTHESTATORCURRENTSIN16,23221REMRJTBBJTJTDLBDLALLSRRSESSRMRR???????????????????????????????ΩΩΩ22USINGEQUATION22THEEFFECTOFTHECHANGINGMAGNETIZINGFLUXONTHEMAGNITUDEOFTHEMODULATIONINDEXISOBTAINEDUNDERACONDITIONOFMINIMUMCOPPERLOSSTHEMAGNETIZINGFLUXLINKAGEISVARIEDANDTHECORRESPONDINGVALUESOFMAGNETIZINGINDUCTANCESARECALCULATEDUSINGTHEVALUESOFTHEMAGNETIZINGINDUCTANCES,THESLIPANDTHECORRESPONDINGMODULATIONINDEXISCALCULATEDFORMINIMUMIAS200510090780392086/05/2000?2005IEEEIAS200510090780392086/05/2000?2005IEEE

簡介：附錄引用的外文文獻(xiàn)及其譯文ASTUDYONTHEIMPROVEMENTOFFORMABILITYFORELLIPTICALDEEPDRAWINGPROCESSESDHPARKA,,SSKANGA,SBPARKBABSTRACTTHEPUNCHANDDIECORNERRADII,THELUBRICANTCONDITION,THEWORKINGSPEED,THEBLANKHOLDINGFORCE,THEFRICTIONFORCEANDTHECLEARANCECHANGETHEFORMABILITYOFTHEDEEPDRAWINGPROCESSINGENERAL,SHEETMETALFORMINGMAYINVOLVESTRETCHING,DRAWINGORVARIOUSCOMBINATIONSOFTHESEBASICMODESOFDEFORMATIONTHEINFLUENCEOFTHEPUNCHANDDIECORNERRADIIISOFGREATIMPORTANCEINTHEDESIGNOFSHEETMETALWORKINGPROCESSESRECENTLY,MOSTOFTHERESEARCHFORTHESHEETMETALDEEPDRAWINGPROCESSHASBEENPERFORMEDONTHEFORMABILITYOFANAXISYMMETRICSHAPE,BUTTHEREARENOTANYCONCRETEREPORTSONTHEFORMABILITYOFANONAXISYMMETRICSHAPEINADDITION,THECONVENTIONALCORNERRADIIOFTHEPUNCHANDDIEHAVEBEENDETERMINEDBYTRIALANDERRORUSINGINDUSTRIALEXPERIENCEANDPOSTPROCESSINGTESTS,ANDONLYAPPROXIMATECORNERRADIIOFTHEPUNCHANDDIEHAVEBEENPRESENTEDINORDERTOOBTAINTHEOPTIMALPRODUCTSINTHEDEEPDRAWINGPROCESS,ELLIPTICALDEEPDRAWINGTESTSWERECARRIEDOUTWITHSEVERALCORNERRADIIOFTHEPUNCHANDDIEINTHISSTUDY,THEOPTIMALCORNERRADIIOFTHEPUNCHANDDIEINTHEDEEPDRAWINGPROCESSWITHANONAXISYMMETRICBLANKSHAPEAREPROPOSEDRESEARCHHASBEENCARRIEDOUTUSINGDIVERSETECHNOLOGIESINCLUDINGEXPERIMENTATIONANDTHEFINITEELEMENTMETHODC2001ELSEVIERSCIENCEBVALLRIGHTSRESERVEDKEYWORDSNONAXISYMMETRICDEEPDRAWINGPUNCHCORNERRADIUSDIECORNERRADIUSFINITEELEMENTMETHODBLANKSHAPE1INTRODUCTIONMANYRESEARCHINVESTIGATIONSFORCYLINDRICALPRODUCTSHAVEBEENCARRIEDOUTINTOTHEFUNDAMENTALSOFTHEDEEPDRAWINGPROCESS14THUS,THISHASPRODUCEDMANYAPPLIED90°2223074522EXPERIMENTALEQUIPMENTDEEPDRAWINGTESTSWERECARRIEDOUTUSINGAPUNCHWITHADIAMETEROF56MMANDADIEWITHADIAMETEROF60MMFIG1PRESENTSTHEDIMENSIONSOFTHETOOLSUSEDINTHEFIRSTDRAWINGPROCESSTHECLEARANCEANDTHECORNERRADIIOFTHEPUNCHANDDIEARELISTEDINTABLE2THEFORMINGSEQUENCEFORTHEPRODUCTCONSISTSOFTHREEPROCESSESWHICHAREAFIRSTDRAWINGBREDRAWINGCELLIPTICALDRAWINGTHECORNERRADIIOFTHEPUNCHRPANDDIERDWEREDIFFERENTFOREACHPROCESSTHEINITIALBLANKHOLDERFORCEWASDETERMINEDASTHEMINIMUMFORCETHATCOULDPREVENTTHEWRINKLINGOFTHEBLANKSANDWASKEPTCONSTANTDURINGTHETESTFOREACHBLANKELLIPTICALDEEPDRAWINGTESTSWEREPERFORMEDATVARIOUSCORNERRADIIINA300TMECHANICALPRESSTHECORNERRADIIOFTHEPUNCHANDDIEINFIRSTDRAWINGWERETHETHREETYPESMENTIONEDINTABLE3FIG1DIMENSIONSOFTHETOOLSMMUSEDINTHEFIRSTDRAWINGPROCESSTABLE2CORNERRADIUSANDCLEARANCE（T16MM）PROCESSCORNERRADIUSMMCLEARANCEMMFIRSTDRAWINGRP15,RD102125TREDRAWINGRP12,RD82125TELLIPTICALDRAWINGRP8,RD5LONGSIDE150,SHORTSIDE139TABLE3TESTCONDITIONSINFIRSTDRAWINGTYPERPMMRDMM

簡介：中文中文5315字出處出處BENDADAA,ERCHIQUIF,KIPPINGAUNDERSTANDINGHEATTRANSFERMECHANISMSDURINGTHECOOLINGPHASEOFBLOWMOLDINGUSINGINFRAREDTHERMOGRAPHYJNDTEINTERNATIONAL,2005,66433441本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）外文資料翻譯本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）外文資料翻譯原文名稱UNDERSTANDINGHEATTRANSFERMECHANISMSDURINGTHECOOLINGPHASEOFBLOWMOLDINGUSINGINFRAREDTHERMOGRAPHY原文作者ABENDADA,FERCHIQUI,AKIPPING原文出版物NDTEINTERNATIONAL翻譯內(nèi)容頁碼382005433–441中文名稱用紅外熱像儀理解在吹塑冷卻階段的熱傳遞機(jī)制學(xué)生姓名專業(yè)高分子材料與工程學(xué)號和中間塊可交換嵌入物位置（圖1）。模具型腔高220毫米，寬100毫米，深50毫米。在這項研究中，一個平坦的嵌入物被用于中間塊來確保塑料和模具之間是一個完整的聯(lián)系體。一個分流模（FZ30毫米）被用于這項研究。圖1模具結(jié)構(gòu)（型腔和冷卻線）。這臺機(jī)器設(shè)置能改變幾個操作參數(shù)如模具間隙，通脹壓力，熔體溫度，冷卻時間和冷卻液溫度。開模后直接測定塑料瓶的溫度分布，同時其余的附著在吹管上。采用艾格瑪900長波紅外攝像機(jī)。溫度計覆蓋瓶子的一個地方描述如下短邊角寬側(cè)。通過一個紅外相機(jī)測量溫度是一種非接觸式技術(shù)，這樣記錄的溫度本身不被測量干擾8。利用這種技術(shù)，零件表面溫度高低和溫度分布都可以被觀察到。紅外攝像機(jī)配備了HGCDTE傳感器；它的光譜響應(yīng)是圍繞8–12毫米的遠(yuǎn)紅外

簡介：1ABSTRACTTHISWORKINVESTIGATESTHEIMPACTOFINCREASEDPENETRATIONOFDOUBLYFEDINDUCTIONGENERATORSDFIGSONELECTROMECHANICALMODESOFOSCILLATIONSOFALARGEINTERCONNECTEDPOWERSYSTEMTHEWORKPROPOSESACONTROLMECHANISMAIMEDATDESIGNINGTHEPOWERSYSTEMSTABILIZERPSSFORADFIGSIMILARTOTHEPSSOFSYNCHRONOUSMACHINESTHEWINDGENERATORPOWEROUTPUTISTAKENASINPUTTOTHEPSSTHEACTIVEPOWERCOMMANDISMODULATEDINPHASEOPPOSITIONTOTHEPOWERSYSTEMOSCILLATIONANDISFEDTOTHEACTIVEPOWERCONTROLLOOPOFTHEDFIGANADDITIONALCONTROLBLOCKWITHTHEDFIGTERMINALVOLTAGEASTHEPSSINPUTSIGNALISFEDTOTHEREACTIVEPOWERCONTROLLOOPTHEMECHANISMSERVESTHEPURPOSEOFIMPROVINGTHEDAMPINGOFCRITICALMODEWHICHISVALIDATEDBYEIGENVALUEANALYSISTHEWORKALSOCOMPARESTWODIFFERENTCONTROLMECHANISMSTHATCANBEEMPLOYEDFORDAMPINGLOWFREQUENCYINTERAREAMODESOFOSCILLATIONSWITHTHELATTERBASEDONTHEIDEAOFMODIFYINGTHETORQUESETPOINTOFTHEDFIGFORCHANGESINGRIDFREQUENCYTHEPROPOSEDTECHNIQUEISTESTEDONALARGETESTSYSTEMREPRESENTINGTHEMIDWESTERNPORTIONOFTHEUSINTERCONNECTIONINDEXTERMSDOUBLYFEDINDUCTIONGENERATOR,WINDTURBINEGENERATORS,TRANSIENTSTABILITY,SMALLSIGNALSTABILITY,SENSITIVITY,INERTIAIINTRODUCTIONROWINGENVIRONMENTALCONCERNSANDATTEMPTSTOREDUCEDEPENDENCYONFOSSILFUELRESOURCESAREBRINGINGRENEWABLEENERGYRESOURCESTOTHEMAINSTREAMOFTHEELECTRICPOWERSECTORAMONGTHEVARIOUSRENEWABLERESOURCES,WINDPOWERISASSUMEDTOHAVETHEMOSTFAVORABLETECHNICALANDECONOMICALPROSPECTS1WHENDEPLOYEDINSMALLSCALE,ASWASDONETRADITIONALLY,THEIMPACTOFWINDTURBINEGENERATORSWTGSONPOWERSYSTEMSTABILITYISMINIMALINCONTRAST,WHENTHEPENETRATIONLEVELINCREASES,THEDYNAMICPERFORMANCEOFTHEPOWERSYSTEMCOULDBEAFFECTEDTHISWORKWASSUPPORTEDBYTHENATIONALSCIENCEFOUNDATIONUNDERTHEGRANTSNSFECCS0652513ANDEEC9908690ATTHEPOWERSYSTEMENGINEERINGRESEARCHCENTERDURGAGAUTAMISWITHTHEDEPARTMENTOFELECTRICALENGINEERING,ARIZONASTATEUNIVERSITY,AZ,USAEMAILDURGAGAUTAMASUEDUVIJAYVITTALISWITHTHEDEPARTMENTOFELECTRICALENGINEERING,ARIZONASTATEUNIVERSITY,AZ,USAEMAILVIJAYVITTALASUEDURAJAAYYANARISWITHTHEDEPARTMENTOFELECTRICALENGINEERING,ARIZONASTATEUNIVERSITY,TEMPE,AZ85287,USAEMAILRAYYANARASUEDUTERRYHARBOURISASENIORUTILITYENGINEERAMONGTHESEVERALWINDGENERATIONTECHNOLOGIES,VARIABLESPEEDWINDTURBINESUTILIZINGDOUBLYFEDINDUCTIONGENERATORSDFIGSAREGAININGPROMINENCEINTHEPOWERINDUSTRYASTHEPERFORMANCEISLARGELYDETERMINEDBYTHECONVERTERANDTHEASSOCIATEDCONTROLS,ADFIGISANASYNCHRONOUSGENERATORSINCEDFIGSAREASYNCHRONOUSMACHINES,THEYPRIMARILYHAVEFOURMECHANISMSBYWHICHTHEYCANAFFECTTHEDAMPINGOFELECTROMECHANICALMODESSINCETHEYTHEMSELVESDONOTPARTICIPATEINTHEMODES1DISPLACINGSYNCHRONOUSMACHINESTHEREBYAFFECTINGTHEMODES2IMPACTINGMAJORPATHFLOWSTHEREBYAFFECTINGTHESYNCHRONIZINGFORCES3DISPLACINGSYNCHRONOUSMACHINESTHATHAVEPOWERSYSTEMSTABILIZERS4DFIGCONTROLSINTERACTINGWITHTHEDAMPINGTORQUEONNEARBYLARGESYNCHRONOUSGENERATORSTHEPOWERELECTRONICCONVERTERATTHEHEARTOFTHEDFIGCONTROLSTHEPERFORMANCEANDACTSASANINTERFACEBETWEENTHEMACHINEANDTHEGRIDWITHCONVENTIONALCONTROL,ROTORCURRENTSAREALWAYSCONTROLLEDTOEXTRACTMAXIMUMENERGYFROMTHEWINDHENCE,WITHTHEINCREASEDPENETRATIONOFDFIGBASEDWINDFARMS,THEEFFECTIVEINERTIAOFTHESYSTEMWILLBEREDUCEDANDSYSTEMRELIABILITYFOLLOWINGLARGEDISTURBANCESCOULDBESIGNIFICANTLYAFFECTEDINORDERTOIMPROVETHESYSTEMDAMPINGWITHTHEHIGHPENETRATIONOFDFIGBASEDWINDFARMS,THECONCEPTOFAUXILIARYPSSLOOPFORDFIGHASBEENINTRODUCEDINTHELITERATURERECENTLYTHEAUXILIARYPSSLOOPPROPOSEDIN2ISBELIEVEDTOCHANGETHESTATORCURRENTSOFDFIGSSOASTOINCREASETHEDAMPINGTORQUESOFTHESYNCHRONOUSGENERATORSINTHESYSTEMTHECONTROLPHILOSOPHYADOPTEDISSIMILARTOTHEPSSOFTHESYNCHRONOUSGENERATORSANDCONSISTSOFAWASHOUTBLOCK,PSSGAINANDPHASECOMPENSATIONWHILETHEINPUTSIGNALISDERIVEDFROMTHEDFIGSTATORELECTRICALPOWERANAUXILIARYSIGNALDERIVEDFROMTHEFREQUENCYDEVIATIONISUSEDASTHEINPUTTOTHEPSSIN3FORTHETESTSYSTEMCONSIDEREDINTHEPAPER,INTERAREAOSCILLATIONDAMPINGISFOUNDTOIMPROVEWITHTHEPROPOSEDPSSTHESUPPLEMENTARYCONTROLSIGNALDERIVEDFROMTHETERMINALVOLTAGEISUSEDASTHEINPUTTOTHEPSSIN4THESTABILIZINGSIGNALISFEDTOTHEROTORQUADRATUREVOLTAGEINTHEACTIVEPOWERCONTROLLOOPSOASTOPROVIDEADDITIONALDAMPINGSUPPLEMENTARYCONTROLFORDAMPINGPOWEROSCILLATIONSDUETOINCREASEDPENETRATIONOFDOUBLYFEDINDUCTIONGENERATORSINLARGEPOWERSYSTEMSDURGAGAUTAM,STUDENTMEMBER,IEEE,VIJAYVITTAL,FELLOW,IEEE,RAJAAYYANAR,SENIORMEMBER,IEEE,TERRYHARBOUR,MEMBER,IEEEG9781612847887/11/2600?2011IEEE3FIG1SCHEMATICDIAGRAMSHOWINGACTIVEPOWERANDPITCHANGLECONTROLLERSOFDFIGTHERATEDVALUEWHENTHEPOWEROUTPUTINCREASESBEYONDTHERATEDVALUE,PITCHCOMPENSATORACTSTOINCREASETHEPITCHANGLEANDBRINGSTHEPOWERBACKTOTHERATEDVALUETHETORQUECOMMANDTSETISUSEDTOCOMPUTEPOWERORDERPORDWHICHINTURNPROVIDESEXCITATIONCURRENTTOTHEROTORSIDECONVERTERTHEMAXIMUMACTIVEPOWERORDERPMAXFROMTHECONTROLLERISLIMITEDBYTHEACTIVEPOWERLIMITERBLOCKSHOWNINFIG1THEACTIVECURRENTCOMMANDIPISCOMPUTEDBYDIVIDINGPORDFROMTHEWINDTURBINEMODELBYTHEGENERATORTERMINALVOLTAGEVTERMTHEACTIVECURRENTCOMMANDISLIMITEDBYTHESHORTTERMACTIVECURRENTCAPABILITYOFTHECONVERTERIPMAXIIIIMPACTONSMALLSIGNALSTABILITYINANINTERCONNECTEDSYSTEM,THEABILITYTORESTOREEQUILIBRIUMBETWEENELECTROMAGNETICTORQUEANDMECHANICALTORQUEISDETERMINEDBYTHEROTORANGLESTABILITYOFEACHSYNCHRONOUSMACHINEACCORDINGLY,THEINCREASEDNUMBEROFASYNCHRONOUSGENERATORSINTHESYSTEMINFLUENCESTHENETWORKDYNAMICCHARACTERISTICSTHEVARIABLESPEEDWTGDESIGNCONSISTINGOFTHEPOWERELECTRONICSCONVERTERIMPARTSSIGNIFICANTEFFECTONTHESYSTEMDYNAMICPERFORMANCEFOLLOWINGADISTURBANCE,THECHANGEINELECTROMAGNETICTORQUEOFTHESYNCHRONOUSMACHINECANBECHARACTERIZEDBYTWOTORQUECOMPONENTS,NAMELY,THESYNCHRONIZINGTORQUECOMPONENTANDTHEDAMPINGTORQUECOMPONENTTHEPRESENTWORKFOCUSESONTHELATTERCOMPONENTWHICHIMPACTSSMALLSIGNALSTABILITYOFTHESYSTEMTHESMALLSIGNALSTABILITYPROBLEMNORMALLYOCCURSDUETOINSUFFICIENTDAMPINGTORQUEWHICHRESULTSINROTOROSCILLATIONSOFINCREASINGAMPLITUDE8THEEIGENVALUESOFTHESYSTEMMATRIXACHARACTERIZETHESTABILITYOFTHESYSTEM8THEINTRODUCTIONOFSEVERALDFIGWINDFARMDOESHAVETHEPOTENTIALTOCHANGETHEELECTROMECHANICALDAMPINGPERFORMANCEOFTHESYSTEMTHISCANBEATTRIBUTEDTOTHEREDUCEDINERTIAOFTHESYSTEMTHUSIMPACTINGTHEINERTIALMODEOFOSCILLATIONOFTHESYSTEMIVPROPOSEDCONTROLSTRATEGYTHISSECTIONPROPOSESASUPPLEMENTARYCONTROLFORADFIGSIMILARTOTHEPSSOFCONVENTIONALSYNCHRONOUSMACHINEINORDERTOENSURETHEEFFECTIVENESSOFTHEPROPOSEDMECHANISM,COMPARISONISDONEWITHTHECONTROLMECHANISMPROPOSEDIN9AEIGENVALUESENSITIVITYTHEBASISOFTHEPRESENTSTUDYLIESINTHEPREMISETHATWITHTHEINCREASEDPENETRATIONOFDFIGBASEDWINDFARMSTHEEFFECTIVEINERTIAOFTHESYSTEMWILLBEREDUCEDINTHISREGARD,AFIRSTSTEPPROPOSEDTOWARDSSTUDYINGTHESYSTEMBEHAVIORWITHINCREASEDDFIGPENETRATIONISTOIDENTIFYHOWTHESMALLSIGNALSTABILITYBEHAVIORCHANGESWITHTHECHANGEININERTIATHEAPPROACHISTHUSINTENDEDTOEVALUATEEIGENVALUESENSITIVITYWITHRESPECTTOGENERATORINERTIATHEFOLLOWINGSTEPSAREADOPTEDWHILEEVALUATINGTHESYSTEMRESPONSEWITHRESPECTTOSMALLDISTURBANCESREPLACEALLTHEDFIGSWITHCONVENTIONALSYNCHRONOUSGENERATORSOFTHESAMEMVARATINGWHICHWILLREPRESENTTHEBASECASEOPERATINGSCENARIOFORTHEASSESSMENTPERFORMEIGENVALUEANALYSISINTHEFREQUENCYRANGE01TO2HZANDDAMPINGRATIOBELOW25EVALUATETHESENSITIVITYOFTHEEIGENVALUESWITHRESPECTTOINERTIAOFEACHWINDFARMREPRESENTEDASACONVENTIONALSYNCHRONOUSMACHINEWHICHISAIMEDATOBSERVINGTHEEFFECTOFGENERATORINERTIAONDYNAMICPERFORMANCEPERFORMEIGENVALUEANALYSISFORTHECASEAFTERINTRODUCINGTHEEXISTINGASWELLASPLANNEDDFIGWINDFARMSINTHESYSTEMBDFIGPSSANDOSCILLATIONDAMPINGTHEPSSEMPLOYEDFORDFIGSINTHISPAPERCONSISTSOFINERTIACONTROLLERTOGENERATOR/CONVERTERMODEL?TSETPMAXPMINTSET?ΘPRATED1PEΘΩEΩTPMVWΩEWINDPOWERMODELROTORTWOMASSSHAFTMODELREFERENCESPEEDSETTINGTORQUECONTROLLERPORDACTIVEPOWERLIMITERPITCHANGLECOMPENSATORPITCHANGLECONTROLLERPITCHANGLELIMITERΩERR__ΩREF∑∑∑∑_÷VTERMIPMAXIPPE∑DFIGPSS_

簡介：第1頁共16頁P(yáng)CREMOTECONTROLOFAPPLIANCESBYUSINGTELEPHONELINESABSTRACTTHEIDEAOFHOMEAUTOMATIONUSINGTELEPHONELINESANDAPCWASSHOWNINTHISSTUDYTHESYSTEMWASBASEDONTHEDUALTONEMULTIFREQUENCYDTMFSIGNALSTHATCOULDBESENTTHROUGHALOOPOFWIRETOSWITCHON/OFFVARIOUSAPPLIANCESVIAAPERSONALCOMPUTERPCTHESYSTEMHARDWAREANDSOFTWAREWEREDESIGNEDBASEDONTHETELEPHONESTANDARDSTHEHARDWAREPARTINCLUDEDTHEDTMFRECEIVERON/OFFHOOKDETECTORRINGDETECTORANDANINPUT/OUTPUTPCINTERFACINGCARDANEXAMPLEOFCONTROLLINGANAPPLIANCEWASPROVIDEDINTHESTUDYTHESOFTWARECONTROLPROGRAMMINGWASWRITTENINTURBOBASICANDTHEIRFLOWCHARTSAREPRESENTEDHEREFORTHEREADERSATTENTIONINTRODUCTIONHOMEAUTOMATIONTHATWASINTRODUCEDINTHISSTUDYWASIMPLEMENTEDBYDESIGNINGTHE“SMARTCONTROLSYSTEMTHATCONTROLSALLAPPLIANCESREMOTELYBYPHONE”THEDESIGNWASBASEDONTHETELEPHONYSTANDARDSWHICHMEANTTHATTHESYSTEMWASQUALIFIEDTOBEINSTALLEDONTHEPUBLICSWITCHINGSYSTEMSTHESYSTEMDESIGNWASUTILIZINGTHEDUALTONEMULTIFREQUENCYDTMFSIGNALSTHATCOULDBEPRODUCEDBYTHETELEPHONESETTHESESIGNALSWERESENTFROMTHEUSERENDTHROUGHTHELOOPWIRETOTHEDESTINATIONEND，WHERETHECONTROLSYSTEMWASSTATIONEDTHESYSTEMCONSISTEDOFTHREEMAJORPARTSTHEFIRSTPARTWASTHERINGDETECTORANDDTMFRECEIVERTHESECONDPARTWASTHEINPUT/OUTPUTINTERFACEUNITTHETHIRDPARTWASTHEPERSONALCOMPUTERWHICHWASPROGRAMMEDWITHTURBOBASICSOFTWARETOPERFORMTHEONLINEOPERATIONSBLOCKDIAGRAMOFTHESYSTEMWASSHOWNINFIGURE1FIGURE1SMARTCONTROLSYSTEMTOCONTROLAPPLIANCESREMOTELYBYPHONEBRIEFOPERATIONOFATELEPHONESETASUMMARYOFTHETELEPHONESETOPERATIONWASGIVENHEREFORTHEREADERTOVISUALIZETHESYSTEMOPERATIONBLOCKDIAGRAMOFATELEPHONESETISSHOWNINFIGURE2第3頁共16頁FIGURE2BLOCKDIAGRAMSYSTEMDESIGNTHESYSTEMWASDESIGNEDTORECEIVEANDRESPONDTOTHEDTMFSIGNALSHENCETHECALLERPARTYSHOULDUSEATELEPHONESETEQUIPPEDWITHADTMFKEYPADFORSENDINGANUMBERTELEPHONESETSUSINGTHEDTMFMETHODFORSENDINGATELEPHONENUMBERWEREEQUIPPEDWITHAPUSHBUTTONKEYPADWITH12KEYSWHICHREPRESENTEDTHENUMBERS0THROUGH9ANDTHESYMBOLANDSEEFIGURE3PRESSINGONEOFTHEKEYSCAUSEDTHEDTMFGENERATORTOGENERATETWOTONESINTHEVOICEBAND3003000HZTHEREWASALOWFREQUENCYTONEFOREACHROWANDAHIGHFREQUENCYTONEFOREACHCOLUMNPRESSINGKEY5FOREXAMPLEGENERATEDA770HZTONEANDA1336HZTONEBYUSINGTHEDUALTONEMETHOD12UNIQUECOMBINATIONSWEREPRODUCEDFROMONLYSEVENTONESWHENTHE12POSITIONKEYPADWASUSEDFIGURE3DTMFKEYPADANDFREQUENCIESTHEFREQUENCIESANDTHEKEYPADLAYOUTHAVEBEENINTERNATIONALLYSTANDARDIZEDBUTTHETOLERANCESONINDIVIDUALFREQUENCIESVARIEDINDIFFERENTCOUNTRIESTHENORTHAMERICANSTANDARDSWERE15FORTHEGENERATORANDF20FORTHERECEIVERTHETONESHAVEBEENSELECTEDCAREFULLYSOTHATTHEDTMFRECEIVERINTHEEXCHANGEOFFICEWOULDNOTCONFUSETHEMWITHTHEOTHERTONESTHATMIGHTOCCURONTH6LINETHESEDTMF

簡介：JOURNALOFBIOTECHNOLOGY1192005324–331MYOSTATINGENESILENCEDBYRNAISHOWAZEBRAFISHGIANTPHENOTYPEJANNELACOSTA1,YAMILACARPIO1,INGRIDBORROTO,OSMANYGONZ′ALEZ,MARIOPABLOESTRADA?AQUATICSBIOTECHNOLOGYPROJECT,ANIMALBIOTECHNOLOGYDIVISION,CENTERFORGENETICENGINEERINGANDBIOTECHNOLOGY,POBOX6162,HABANA10600,CUBARECEIVED23DECEMBER2004RECEIVEDINREVISEDFORM15APRIL2005ACCEPTED27APRIL2005ABSTRACTMYOSTATINISAMEMBEROFTHETRANSFORMINGGROWTHFACTOR?TGF?FAMILYTHATFUNCTIONSASANEGATIVEREGULATOROFSKELETALMUSCLEDEVELOPMENTANDGROWTHRECENTLY,ITHASBEENREPORTEDTHATTHETRANSGENICZEBRAFISHEXPRESSINGMYOSTATINPRODOMAINEXHIBITEDANINCREASEDNUMBEROFFIBERINSKELETALMUSCLEOTHERNOVELRESULTSSUGGESTTHATMYOSTATINPLAYSAMAYORROLEDURINGMYOGENESIS,APARTFROMINHIBITIONOFPROLIFERATIONASWELLASDIFFERENTIATIONWEHAVEINVESTIGATEDTHEABILITYOFDOUBLESTRANDEDRNADSRNATOINHIBITMYOSTATINFUNCTIONINTHEZEBRAFISHBYMICROINJECTIONDSRNA,CORRESPONDINGTOBIOLOGICALLYACTIVECTERMINALDOMAINFROMAMINOACID268TOENDCODONOFTILAPIAMYOSTATINPROTEIN,WEPRODUCEDANINCREASEDBODYMASSINTREATEDFISHTHEDSRNAINJECTIONINEARLYDEVELOPMENTSTAGEINZEBRAFISHPRODUCEDHYPERPLASIAORHYPERTROPHYINADDITION,THEINTERFERENCEOFGENEFUNCTIONSHOWEDASTRONGDEPENDENCEONTHEAMOUNTOFDSRNA?2005ELSEVIERBVALLRIGHTSRESERVEDKEYWORDSZEBRAFISHMYOSTATINRNAIGENESILENCINGHYPERTROPHYHYPERPLASIA1INTRODUCTIONTHEMYOSTATINMSTNISAMEMBEROFTHETRANSFORMINGGROWTHFACTOR?TGF?ANDITHASAPIVOTALROLEASANEGATIVEREGULATOROFSKELETALMUSCLEGROWTHINSEVERALMAMMALIANSPECIES?CORRESPONDINGAUTHORTEL5372718466X5154FAX5372731779EMAILADDRESSMARIOPABLOCIGBEDUCUMPESTRADA1JANNELACOSTAANDYAMILACARPIOCONTRIBUTEDEQUALLYTOTHISWORKTHE“DOUBLEMUSCLE”BREEDSOFCATTLETHATHAVESIGNIFICANTLYMOREMUSCLEMASSTHANSTANDARDBREEDSWEREFOUNDTOCARRYNATURALMUTATIONSINTHEMYOSTATINGENEMCPHERRONANDLEE,1997KAMBADURETAL,1997GROBETETAL,1997,1998MYOSTATINKNOCKOUTMICESHOWADRAMATICINCREASEOFSKELETALMUSCLEMASS,ANDTHEINCREASERESULTSFROMACOMBINATIONOFHYPERPLASIAANDHYPERTROPHYMCPHERRONETAL,1997IN2001,LEEANDMCPHERRONREPORTEDTHATTRANSGENICMICEEXPRESSINGTHEMYOSTATINPRODOMAIN,FOLLISTATINORDOMINANTNEGATIVEFORMOFACTIVINRECEPTORTYPEIIB01681656/–SEEFRONTMATTER?2005ELSEVIERBVALLRIGHTSRESERVEDDOI101016/JJBIOTEC200504023326JACOSTAETAL/JOURNALOFBIOTECHNOLOGY1192005324–331CDNAWASSYNTHESIZEDIN20?LREVERSETRANSCRIPTIONRTREACTIONFROM5?GOFTOTALRNABYUSINGREVERSETRANSCRIPTIONSYSTEMPROMEGAPCRWASPERFORMEDWITH20?LOFTHE15DILUTIONOFRTREACTIONTHEPRIMERSUSEDTOPCRAMPLIFYTHE496BPOFZEBRAFISHMYOSTATINANDMAX476BPCDNAUSEDASANINTERNALSTANDARDTONORMALIZEDIFFERENCESINTEMPLATEAMOUNTSWERETHESAMEUSEDBYAMALIETAL2004THEPCRPROGRAMWASANINITIALDENATURATIONAT94?CFOR2MIN,A35CYCLESFORMYOSTATINAND30CYCLESFORMAXWASPERFORMEDAT94?CFOR30S,55?CFOR30SAND72?CFOR1MINTHEFINALEXTENSIONTIMEWAS7MINAT72?CTHEPCRPRODUCTSWERESUBJECTEDTO1GELELECTROPHORESISTHEINTENSITIESOFTHEBANDSWEREQUANTIFIEDON1DIMAGEANALYSISSOFTWAREKODAKANDUSEDFORTHECALCULATIONOFTHERELATIVEGENEEXPRESSIONVALUESTHECYCLENUMBERFORTHEGENEEXPRESSIONSTUDYWASDETERMINEDBYAVALIDATIONTESTINWHICHTHEPCRWASPERFORMEDASDESCRIBEDBUTTERMINATEDATDIFFERENTCYCLENUMBERAKINETICPROFILEOFTHEAMOUNTOFPCRPRODUCTGENERATEDATDIFFERENTPCRCYCLESWASCONSTRUCTEDANDTHECYCLENUMBERUSEDWASCHOSENWITHINTHEEXPONENTIALREGIONOFTHEAMPLIFICATIONCURVETHISISTOENSURETHATTHEAMOUNTOFTHEPCRPRODUCTREFLECTSTHEAMOUNTOFTEMPLATEINTHEORIGINALSAMPLE23GROWTHEVALUATIONANDMUSCLEHISTOLOGICALANALYSISTODETERMINETHEBODYWEIGHTSALLFISHWEREWEIGHTEDAT30,60AND75DAYSPOSTMICROINJECTIONFORMUSCLEHISTOLOGICALANALYSIS,TWENTYINDIVIDUALFISHFROMEACHGROUPWEREFIXEDINFORMOLFOR10HFOLLOWEDBYROUTINEPARAFFINSECTIONINGANDHAEMATOXILIN/EOSINSTAININGAVERTICALSECTIONATTHEBASEOFTHEFIRSTPINOFTHEPELVICFINWASSELECTEDFORQUANTIFICATIONOFTHENUMBEROFMUSCLEFIBERSSTAINEDSECTIONSWEREPHOTOGRAPHEDANDTHEIMAGESWEREANALYZEDUSINGDIGIPATPROGRAMVERSION33,EICISOFT,CUBATHETOTALNUMBEROFFIBERSINAGIVENAREAWASDETERMINEDBYCOUNTINGTHEMUNDERAMICROSCOPEATAFIXEDMAGNIFICATION2024STATISTICALANALYSISERRORBARSINDICATESTANDARDERROROFTHEMEANINDICATESTHATP001ANDP005,FORSTUDENT’STTESTCOMPARINGTHEMICROINJECTEDGROUPTOCONTROLGROUP3RESULTSANDDISCUSSIONRECENTLYTHETILAPIAOREOCHROMISMOSSAMBICUSMYOSTATINGENEGENBANKACCESSIONNOAF197193WASIDENTIFIEDANDCLONEDTHENUCLEICANDAMINOACIDSEQUENCESFROMTILAPIAAREHIGHLYHOMOLOGOUSTOZEBRAFISH,WHICHISAPPROXIMATELY74IDENTICALTOTILAPIADNASEQUENCERODGERETAL,2001WEGENERATEDDSRNACORRESPONDINGTOTHEBIOLOGICALLYACTIVECTERMINALDOMAINFROMTHEAMINOACID268TOENDCODONOFTHETILAPIAMYOSTATINPROTEINTODETERMINEWHETHERTILAPIAMYOSTATINDSRNAISCAPABLEOFSTIMULATEZEBRAFISHGROWTH,THEDSRNASYNTHESIZEDWASINTRODUCEDINTOZEBRAFISHEMBRYOSUSINGSTANDARDMICROINJECTIONTECHNIQUESANDTHEEMBRYOSGROWNFORASSAYEXPOSUREOFAPARENTALANIMALTOONLYAFEWMOLECULESOFDSRNAPERCELLTRIGGEREDGENESILENCINGTHROUGHOUTTHETREATEDANIMALHANNON,2002WEASSAYEDTWODOSESOFDSRNA,5AND5106MOLECULESOFDSRNAPEREMBRYOINORDERTODETERMINETHEBODYWEIGHTGAIN,WEWEIGHTEDALLFISHAT30,60AND75DAYSPOSTMICROINJECTIONANDCOMPAREDBOTHTREATEDGROUPSWITHTHEIRCONTROLSAT75DAYSPOSTMICROINJECTIONTHEAVERAGEBODYWEIGHTOFMICROINJECTEDFISHWITH55AND55106MOLECULESOFDSRNAWASINCREASEDBY39AND45,RESPECTIVELY,COMPAREDWITHTHEIRCONTROLSFIG1TABLE1THEPHENOTYPEOBSERVEDWASCONSISTENTWITHTRANSGENICZEBRAFISHEXPRESSINGMYOSTATINPRODOMAIN,BUTTHEINCREASEOFBODYWEIGHTWASHIGHERTHANHOMOZYGOUSTRANSGENICZEBRAFISH,WHICHHAVE10–15OFINCREASEINBODYMASSCOMPAREDWITHNONTRANSGENICFISHXUETAL,2003INCONCORDANCEWITHPREVIOUSRESULTSLIETAL,2000,WEOBSERVEDADOSERESPONSEFORGENERATIONOFTHEPHENOTYPESEXPECTEDTHEANIMALMICROINJECTEDWITH5106MOLECULESOFDSRNASHOWEDAMOREDRAMATICINCREASEINAVERAGEBODYWEIGHTTHANTHOSEINJECTEDWITHFIVEMOLECULESDOUBLESTRANDEDRNAINJECTIONDIDNOTPRODUCEOBVIOUSNONSPECIFICDEFECTS,ANDMICROINJECTEDFISHAPPEAREDHEALTHYFIG2CONSISTENTWITHOURRESULTS,LIETAL2000CLAIMEDTHATMORETHAN80OF

簡介：畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）外文資料翻譯教科部車輛與農(nóng)業(yè)裝備工程專業(yè)機(jī)械設(shè)計制造及其自動化（汽車工程）姓名韓清華學(xué)號080007209外文出處IEEEVEHICLEPOWERANDPROPULSIONCONFERENCEVPPC附件指導(dǎo)老師評語簽名年月日Ω為角速度輪（弧度/秒）Μ0是摩擦車輪與地面之間的系數(shù)，R是制動盤半徑（M）。從0到T，制動所消耗的動能第二階段可在數(shù)學(xué)上表示，其中P是在輪缸的壓力（MPA），S分泵面積（M2）ΜM是制動片和制動盤之間的系數(shù)。根據(jù)能量守恒得到以下方程（5）式是汽車動能轉(zhuǎn)換模型。B滑移率與附著系數(shù)制動模型地面和車輪之間的附著力影響汽車的制動過程。附著力與附著系數(shù)有密切關(guān)系。附著系數(shù)是附著力與車輪法向（與路面垂直的方向）壓力的比值。附著力系數(shù)主要取決于道路，輪胎和滑移率?；坡实挠嬎愎皆诓煌牡缆坊坡屎透街χg的關(guān)系如圖所示5

簡介：中文中文3825字出處出處KRISTMUNDSDóTTIRT,JóNSDóTTIRE,?GMUNDSDóTTIRHM,ETALSOLUBILIZATIONOFPOORLYSOLUBLELICHENMETABOLITESFORBIOLOGICALTESTINGONCELLLINESJEUROPEANJOURNALOFPHARMACEUTICALSCIENCES,2005,245539543不溶性地衣代謝產(chǎn)物的增溶作用在細(xì)胞系的生物學(xué)測試不溶性地衣代謝產(chǎn)物的增溶作用在細(xì)胞系的生物學(xué)測試摘要摘要荔枝素縮酚酸和富馬原島衣酸縮酚酸環(huán)醚，分別是從珊瑚枝屬的高山柳葉菜地衣和冰島地衣屬提取出來的，分別被選做為不溶性天然化合物的原型，以方便在藥理模型中的測試。增溶劑在之前就被認(rèn)定是做為從無毒性走向一個惡性白血病（K562）細(xì)胞株和氧芴地衣代謝物（）地衣酸溶解研究中使用的縮酚酸及縮酚酸環(huán)醚的反增生性活動的測試。環(huán)糊精衍生物是之前發(fā)現(xiàn)的最適合增溶的地衣化合物，已經(jīng)確認(rèn)在富馬原島衣酸的溶解度上有了最大的提高，從水中003MG/ML到898MG/ML在10的2羥丙基Β環(huán)糊精（HPΒCD），提高了將近300倍。隨后,地衣化合物包括（）地衣酸，溶解在10的HPΒCD中，測試在3種惡性的人類細(xì)胞系T47D（胸腺），PANC胰腺和PC3（前列腺）的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)細(xì)胞增殖實驗。荔枝素和富馬原島衣酸沒有展現(xiàn)出有反增殖影響，但是地衣酸可以有效的對抗所有測試細(xì)胞系和半數(shù)效應(yīng)濃度值4382ΜG/ML。在本實驗中使用的無毒的增溶劑可以證明其他可溶性就差的天然產(chǎn)品的藥理學(xué)測試。?2005ELSEVIERPV，保留最終解釋權(quán)。關(guān)鍵詞關(guān)鍵詞地衣代謝物；溶解度；細(xì)胞系；富馬原島衣酸；荔枝素；地衣酸。11介紹介紹冰島地衣中的一些次級代謝產(chǎn)物在人類惡性細(xì)胞系測試中展現(xiàn)了可喜的反增殖結(jié)果。相同原料的代謝產(chǎn)物在無毒溶劑中的進(jìn)一步測試是存在的但是經(jīng)常被不溶性的所阻礙。許多方法是可以試著去增加不溶性物質(zhì)的溶解度，比如使用助溶劑，表面活性劑，有機(jī)絡(luò)合劑。然而這些方法必須是對培養(yǎng)基中的細(xì)胞無害的溶劑系統(tǒng)。在先前研究地衣代謝物（）地衣酸（圖1）中，氧芴衍生物作為原型的目的是找到一個既能夠溶解地衣酸，同時不會對細(xì)胞系的測試產(chǎn)生影響的不溶于水的天然產(chǎn)物。各種溶劑和絡(luò)合劑的直接產(chǎn)物是用來在人類白血病細(xì)胞K562標(biāo)準(zhǔn)細(xì)胞增殖實驗中的測試。大部分的化合物是有毒的，除了聚乙二醇400（PEG400）和2羥丙基Β環(huán)糊精絡(luò)合劑（HPΒCD）。地衣酸的反增生活性可以證明使用PEG400和HPΒCD的半數(shù)有效濃度47ΜG/ML，但是只有后者給出了滿意的溶解度。2羥丙基Β環(huán)糊精因此被作為一種增溶劑，因為它同時滿足溶解度以及對細(xì)胞測試的無毒性。地衣酸在每日攝取100200MG劑量時會引發(fā)肝中毒。除了氧芴衍生物比如地衣酸，地衣類的次級代謝產(chǎn)物有很大數(shù)量的縮酚酸和縮酚酸環(huán)醚的化學(xué)分類。兩者都是通過芳香羧酸的酯化反應(yīng)形成的單位。除了酯鍵和含有一個分子內(nèi)氧橋的縮酚酸環(huán)醚。許多這種化合物在地衣類是結(jié)構(gòu)獨特的，很值得去進(jìn)行藥理測試。然而很多時候他們的溶解性很差。目前調(diào)查的目標(biāo)是雙重的，首先是選擇一個說溶性很差縮酚酸和縮酚酸環(huán)醚的典型，并且在使用之前找到的對細(xì)胞系毒性很小的溶劑和絡(luò)合劑時能夠明顯提高他們?nèi)芙舛?。分別選中了從冰島珊瑚枝屬高山柳葉菜中提取的荔枝素和從冰島衣多毛屬提取的富馬原島衣酸。其次是在3中人類惡性為6的10HPΒCD溶解度很低，但是在PH為8時，有更高的溶解度00055MG/ML。盡管PH為8的荔枝素溶解度比PH為74的生理的高，但是后者是選擇作為細(xì)胞實驗的。由于荔枝素在HPΒCD中的溶解度很小，所以嘗試去選擇HPΓCD增加溶解度。Γ環(huán)糊精的中心空腔比Β環(huán)糊精的要大，因此它可能使地衣化合物的溶解度更高。但是，這并非如此。圖3顯示的是環(huán)糊精濃度在PH為74的荔枝素的溶解度。溶解度的增加與增溶劑濃度做了一個函數(shù)，但是還是有很小的不同在后面得到的兩個環(huán)糊精和HPΓCD在高得濃度測試中相對要好。3232增溶劑對富馬原島衣酸溶解度的影響。增溶劑對富馬原島衣酸溶解度的影響。富馬原島衣酸在水中的溶解度是00325MG/ML，在PH為4時溶解度是00069MG/ML，并且隨著PH的增加溶解度也在增長，在PH為74時，溶解度是283MG/ML。在同時使用PEG400和丙二醇時，富馬原島衣酸的溶解度要比只有水的時候要好，但是由于在這些溶液中的化合物的分解是通過HPLC測量的，所以它不能反應(yīng)溶解度。富馬原島衣酸的溶解度在PH為74的10的HPΒCD中是898MG/ML。分解在環(huán)糊精溶液中可能是看不到的，因為一部分富馬原島衣酸的很適合非極性的環(huán)糊精空腔并可以從外界環(huán)境中保護(hù)它。3333地衣化合物對細(xì)胞吸收胸苷的影響。地衣化合物對細(xì)胞吸收胸苷的影響。將地衣酸、荔枝素和富馬原島衣酸三種地衣化合物溶解在10的HPΒCD溶液中，并分別在PANC1、T47D和PC3的PH為74的細(xì)胞系中進(jìn)行測試。松蘿酸在溶劑濃度為10ΜL/ML中抑制PANC1的半數(shù)有效濃度是43ΜG/ML，與之相比松蘿酸對K562的半數(shù)有效濃度是47ΜG/ML。松蘿酸抑制T47D的半數(shù)有效濃度是29ΜG/ML，抑制PC3的半數(shù)有效濃度是相對高的82ΜG/ML。計算得到這個半數(shù)有效濃度對溶劑有直接的影響。HPΒCD這個增溶劑對PC3和PANC1沒有明顯的作用，但是T47D是更加敏感的，而且在有效的劑量范圍內(nèi)對胸苷的吸收有一個明顯的3080的減少。荔枝素對T47D的溶劑和溶解度的抑制作用就像那個是很有限的，也是因此決定不在其他細(xì)胞表面進(jìn)行試驗。富馬原島衣酸對T47D和PANC1并沒有一個很好的抑制作用。44討論。討論。現(xiàn)在溶解度研究是選擇最好的使用溶劑，并且它有很小的溶解度，而且還是在地衣類中是廣泛分布的。盡管它們相對其他地衣代謝物相對豐度是很高的，這些化合物在藥理的觀點內(nèi)從未收到應(yīng)有的重視。先前的工作已經(jīng)確定了在細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)中的適合的增溶劑丙二醇、PEG400、HPΒCD。HPΒCD是已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)的有增加氧芴衍生物地衣酸抑制惡性細(xì)胞系測試的溶解度（KRISTMUNDSDOTTIRETAL,2002）在試圖使用增溶的化合物去增加及其不佳溶解度的縮酚酸衍生物荔枝素和縮酚酸環(huán)醚衍生物富馬原島衣酸后，發(fā)現(xiàn)縮酚酸環(huán)醚比縮酚酸更容易溶解。荔枝素溶解度的增加順序是無HPLC在水中檢測的HPLC使用HPΒCD和HPΓCD。這種增加不能足夠的曾明明顯的反增生實驗，荔枝素也不能證明是及其困難增溶的候選物。荔枝素在細(xì)胞增長方面與它的溶劑相比不能引起明顯的減少，因此不可能做出任何假設(shè)在荔枝素的反增生反應(yīng)是由于它的很差的溶解性。另一方面富馬原島衣酸在水中的溶解度從003MG/ML增加到了在10HPΒCD的898MG/ML，因此具有更多剛性環(huán)的富馬原島衣酸比荔枝素更適合環(huán)糊精空腔。除了增加溶解度，HPΒCD溶液也可以增加富馬原島衣酸的穩(wěn)定性。大概延胡索酸酯可以保護(hù)環(huán)糊精復(fù)合物的水解，由于

簡介：關(guān)于SBS改性瀝青配合比設(shè)計及施工技術(shù)的探討摘要在良好的設(shè)計配合比和施工條件下，SBS瀝青能使瀝青路面的耐久性和高溫穩(wěn)定性明顯提高。本文將根據(jù)南二路的施工試驗情況，簡要講述SBS改性瀝青的施工技術(shù)要求。一、SBS改性瀝青概述SBS改性瀝青是在原有基質(zhì)瀝青（AH70）的基礎(chǔ)上，摻加25、30、40％的SBS改性劑，改性后的瀝青，與原瀝青相比，其高溫粘度增大，軟化點升高。在良好的設(shè)計配合比和施工條件下，瀝青路面的耐久性和高溫穩(wěn)定性明顯提高。在SBS改性瀝青生產(chǎn)過程中進(jìn)行了大量的室內(nèi)試驗，生產(chǎn)后對其技術(shù)指標(biāo)進(jìn)行了現(xiàn)場實驗，實驗結(jié)果表明，外摻30SBS的改性瀝青，軟化點、針入度等指標(biāo)均滿足改性瀝青規(guī)范要求，可用SBS改性瀝青做瀝青混合料的配合比設(shè)計。二、SBS瀝青混合料的配合比設(shè)計為了使設(shè)計的混合料能夠達(dá)到實施效果，需要從材料要求、施工工藝、質(zhì)量控制標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和質(zhì)量控制方法等諸多方面提出以下要求，希望能夠引起注意。（一）、原材料要求11粗集料用于改性瀝青混合料面層的粗集料，宜采用碎石或碎礫石，其粒徑規(guī)格和質(zhì)量要求均應(yīng)符合公路瀝青路面施工技術(shù)規(guī)范（JTJ03294）的規(guī)定1粗集料應(yīng)潔凈、干燥、無風(fēng)化、無有害雜質(zhì)，且具有一定硬度和強(qiáng)度。2粗集料應(yīng)具有良好的顆粒形狀，破碎礫石用于高速公路、一級公路時，應(yīng)采用大礫石破碎，并至少應(yīng)有兩個以上的破碎面。3、對于抗滑表層粗集料應(yīng)選擇硬質(zhì)巖（中性或基性火成巖）。由于硬質(zhì)巖石與瀝青的粘接力存在著較大差異，粗集料與瀝青的粘附性應(yīng)不小于4級。對于3－5MM石屑部分由于含量較低，并且該部分對瀝青混合料形成嵌接結(jié)構(gòu)有一定的作用，建議用硬質(zhì)巖石屑（玄武巖）。12細(xì)集料細(xì)集料包括人工砂、天然砂。瀝青路面面層宜采用人工砂作為細(xì)集料，細(xì)集料應(yīng)潔凈、干燥、無風(fēng)化、無有害雜質(zhì)，有適當(dāng)?shù)念w粒組成，并與改性瀝青有良好的粘附性，天然砂由于質(zhì)量變化大（大部分為中粗砂），形狀較圓滑，與瀝青的粘附性差，對瀝青混合料影響較大。對于高速公路、一級公路瀝青混合料，天然砂的含量不宜超過20％，可用03MM的石屑粉代替天然砂。13填充料施1、采用“瀝青混合料馬歇爾穩(wěn)定度試驗”方法測定的48H浸水馬歇爾穩(wěn)定度試驗殘留穩(wěn)定度不應(yīng)小于80。（2）、采用“瀝青混合料凍融劈裂試驗”方法測定的劈裂強(qiáng)度比不應(yīng)小于80。三、SBS瀝青混合料的施工SBS瀝青是一種以彈性塑膠類改性瀝青，正確使用可以顯著提高瀝青面層的抗車轍性能，增加耐久性，增加抗老化能力，延長公路的壽命。與AH70基質(zhì)瀝青相比，SBS瀝青的粘度和軟化點顯著增加，SBS瀝青的運(yùn)輸儲存和路面面層施工有一些與基質(zhì)瀝青不同的要求，只有正確使用才能達(dá)到預(yù)期效果。1、拌合、運(yùn)輸?shù)募夹g(shù)要求為保證瀝青混合料的質(zhì)量更穩(wěn)定，瀝青用量更準(zhǔn)確，宜采用間隙式拌和機(jī)拌和。拌和必須均勻，只有SBS瀝青改性劑完全分散在瀝青中，才能充分發(fā)揮其效能，對于密級配（AC13I）混合料，應(yīng)做到拌合后的混合料均勻一致，無細(xì)料和粗料分離及花白、結(jié)成團(tuán)塊的現(xiàn)象。由于SBS改性瀝青混合料的施工溫度要求較高，建議拌合溫度控制在160℃,運(yùn)輸車必須加蓋篷布或其它保溫材料，防止結(jié)合料表面結(jié)硬，為確保攤鋪連續(xù)以及平整度大小符合技術(shù)規(guī)范要求，必須保證攤鋪機(jī)前至少兩輛車等待卸料，決不能出現(xiàn)攤鋪機(jī)等車的現(xiàn)象。其余要求應(yīng)滿足改性瀝青路面施工技術(shù)規(guī)范的技術(shù)要求。2、攤鋪的技術(shù)要求SBS瀝青混合料在攤鋪時應(yīng)盡量連續(xù)不斷的施工，以減少攤鋪機(jī)和壓路機(jī)的停頓，應(yīng)盡量減少橫縫，提高其面層平整度。為提高路面的平整度，表面層宜采用攤鋪前后保持相同高差的雪橇式攤鋪厚度控制方式。由于SBS瀝青粘度較大，粘附力強(qiáng)，用部分?jǐn)備仚C(jī)的后雪橇是膠輪式結(jié)構(gòu)，膠輪易粘附混合料細(xì)顆粒，影響平整度，所以攤鋪機(jī)后雪橇是膠輪式結(jié)構(gòu)的必須改成鋼滑靴式結(jié)構(gòu)。攤鋪速度應(yīng)控制在2米/分鐘，做到緩慢、均勻、連續(xù)不間斷地攤鋪，禁止隨意變換速度或中途停頓。提高攤鋪過程中的預(yù)壓密實度。改性瀝青SBS混合料在高溫狀態(tài)下主要是靠粗集料的嵌擠作用，可適當(dāng)提高夯錘振搗頻率，使剩余壓實系數(shù)減少，初壓的痕跡也極小，進(jìn)而確保路面的最終平整度。3、碾壓的技術(shù)要求對于密級配型混合料，其適宜的碾壓溫度范圍是130℃－150℃，其最終碾壓溫度不低于110℃。SBS瀝青混合料的壓實工藝本著以下原則進(jìn)行按照“緊跟、慢壓、高頻、低幅”“碾壓八字方針進(jìn)行碾壓，壓路機(jī)必須緊跟攤鋪機(jī)的后面，只有在高溫條件下碾壓才能取得更好的效果，壓實速度控制在4－5KM/H。碾壓速度均衡，倒退時關(guān)閉振動，方向要逐漸地改變，不許擰著彎行走，對每一道碾壓起點或終點可稍微扭彎碾壓，消除碾壓接頭輪跡。決不允許

簡介：第1頁共6頁中文中文4460字出處出處JOURNALOFMANUFACTURINGSCIENCEANDENGINEERING,2004,1264733739外文翻譯外文翻譯注射模部件的小型化尺度問題注射模部件的小型化尺度問題摘要摘要注射模部件的小型化尺度問題引起了相關(guān)設(shè)計和及其過程參數(shù)的改變，結(jié)果產(chǎn)生了相關(guān)尺度效應(yīng)，尺度效應(yīng)可以是一階的或二階的。一階可以用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模型來描述，而二階則不可。本文只針對注射模小型化所產(chǎn)生的一階尺度效應(yīng)進(jìn)行分析，通過注射模熱傳遞和流動過程的尺度分析，尺度效應(yīng)對模具性能參數(shù)改變的分析，提出了在超薄壁零件和微型構(gòu)件中消除或減少相關(guān)尺度模難題的方法。特別地提出了一種比例充填方法，并經(jīng)實驗得到證實。關(guān)鍵詞關(guān)鍵詞小型化注射模尺度分析尺度效應(yīng)1、概述概述注射模部件在尺寸和重量方面的小型化已經(jīng)成為一種不可阻擋的趨勢，例如電子器件的注射模設(shè)計，經(jīng)歷了從標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模到薄壁模設(shè)計的轉(zhuǎn)變，對一些特殊的器件，應(yīng)該用超薄壁模設(shè)計，電子部件的小型化需要在增加L/T比時降低零件厚度。對這些模具進(jìn)行設(shè)計時L/T比在10到100之間或稍大。塑料制品由于其自身的優(yōu)點使得在光電通訊、影像傳輸、生化醫(yī)療、信息存儲、精密機(jī)械等應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域扮演著重要角色。為了能夠生產(chǎn)具有實用價值的微細(xì)組件，許多新興制造技術(shù)隨之產(chǎn)生，包括光刻，電鑄及脫模技術(shù)LIGA、紫外光蝕刻技術(shù)UV、放電加工EDM、微注射成型、精密磨削和精密切削等。微注射成型技術(shù)以容易實現(xiàn)低成本大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)具有精密微細(xì)結(jié)構(gòu)零件的優(yōu)點成為世界制造技術(shù)的研究熱點之一。世界上目前有幾個大學(xué)和研究機(jī)構(gòu)在進(jìn)行研究，并且許多微細(xì)結(jié)構(gòu)零件應(yīng)用微注射成型已獲得成功。最近在深度X射線和微電子器件成型方面的研究進(jìn)展使得制造05100ΜM尺度和L/T在510之間的微型部件成為可能。然而高L/T注射模的設(shè)計仍然是一技術(shù)難題。系統(tǒng)尺度減小時，常常引起主要相互作用力的改變，導(dǎo)致物質(zhì)性能及其運(yùn)動規(guī)律第3頁共6頁WEISSENBERG數(shù)較小，松弛時間較短，流體可以認(rèn)為是純粘性的。下面的討論中，用于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)注射模成型中，型腔邊界假定無流動。2．1等溫聚合物流動等溫聚合物流動假定不考慮熱交換，方程（1）可以寫成與厚度無關(guān)的形式，見式（2），H為制件厚度，X是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化厚度后的流速。黏度與剪切速率和壓力相關(guān)。方程（2）表明相同?的壓力作用于不同壁厚的模具型腔澆口時，具有相同的剪切速率和切向壓力，從而有相同的粘性。進(jìn)而可推出等溫聚合物流體壓力相同時，L/T與制件壁厚無關(guān)。這只是當(dāng)雷諾數(shù)與幾何尺寸匹配時，同等流量的一個特例。流動中處理尺寸問題時用相同的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化平均速度是有用的。式（3）中Ρ是流體密度，可以看到，雷諾數(shù)與制件厚度的平方成正比。WEISSENBERG數(shù)也可以用下面式子表示，見式（4），其中為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化厚L度后的流體長度，Λ為黏彈性流體擠壓后產(chǎn)生彈應(yīng)力的松弛時間?？梢钥吹搅魉傧郩同時具有相同的WS數(shù)。因此，HELESHAW流動模型對于小型化的型腔仍然適用。圖1表面張力相對腔長度的變化對于同構(gòu)幾何尺寸因子可以用于研究無因子群尺度效應(yīng)，見式（5），其中H0是初始厚度，H1為小型化的厚度，比例定律對于雷諾數(shù)有式（6），對于WEISSENBERG數(shù)有式（7），可以看到WEISSENBERG數(shù)是與尺寸無關(guān)的。2．2表面張力效應(yīng)表面張力效應(yīng)型腔變薄時，熔體前沿表面張力將增加。對于細(xì)長型腔，由于表面張力熔化界面的對應(yīng)壓力可由式（8）計算；ΓS是N/M單位上液體表面張力，Θ是腔壁與液體的接觸角。另一方面，與粘應(yīng)力有關(guān)的聚合物入口壓強(qiáng)可由下式表示式（9）。上面關(guān)于表面張力SUR的定義是近似的，因為表面張力效應(yīng)接觸角近似為非常小，COSΘ≈0對于一聚合物熔體有式（11）的關(guān)系將式（11）帶入式（10）可得式（12）。假如考慮Η1000PAS，ū100/S，ΓS005N/M表面張力作為L的函數(shù)列于圖1?？梢钥闯鲂颓婚L度大于10ΜM時表面張力不到12323非等溫聚合物非等溫聚合物向量張力形式能量方程以下面形式給出式（13），其中CP為定壓比熱容，K為傳熱系數(shù)，Б是張量，T為溫度，T為時間貝克來數(shù)（PECLET）代表對流強(qiáng)度和擴(kuò)散強(qiáng)度的相對大小。PE數(shù)定義為式（14），其中Α為傳熱系數(shù)，對于聚合物，Α≈107M2/S,取流速100/S,一般尺U

簡介：中文中文5275字出處出處THEINTERNATIONALJOURNALOFADVANCEDMANUFACTURINGTECHNOLOGY,2000,167461468畢業(yè)設(shè)計中英文翻譯基于模糊綜合評價與遺傳算法的公差優(yōu)化分配學(xué)院機(jī)械工程與自動化學(xué)院專業(yè)機(jī)械設(shè)計制造及其自動化指導(dǎo)教師2011年6月22綜述公差分配方法綜述公差分配方法2121一般的分配方法一般的分配方法當(dāng)裝配功能需求給定時，N個零件的公差值必須得到解決。由于給定的條件幾乎總是不足，所以公差通常被視為相等的。所采用的方法通常包括同容差法，不斷精度因子的方法，同樣影響的一種方法和比例縮放方法。211相同公差在這種方法里，所有零件的公差值在滿足功能要求的前提下都是相等的，也就是TI表示第I個零件的公差值212常數(shù)因子法常數(shù)因子法基于經(jīng)驗法則，一個零件的公差按標(biāo)準(zhǔn)數(shù)據(jù)的立方根增大，從而當(dāng)時，因子P可按下式計算這里J表示裝配的功能要求213同因素方法裝配功能的要求受兩個因素影響，一個是每個零件的公差值，另一個是功能靈敏度系數(shù)，故這種方法可表述如下214比例縮放方法零件公差首先使用比例縮放方法的數(shù)據(jù)庫進(jìn)行確定。如果零件公差的總和超過所要求的裝配公差，則每個零件的公差減少相應(yīng)的尺寸，一般表述為

簡介：THE11THINTERNATIONALCONFERENCEONCOMPUTERSCIENCE3D，VR和AR技術(shù)將古代藝術(shù)品數(shù)字化，促進(jìn)檔案保存和文化傳播因此，許多研究人員注意到在博物館大廳或在線博物館里增加游客的學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)驗3。IOT（物聯(lián)網(wǎng)）和智能移動設(shè)備使信息更加可見，比以往更豐富。最終用戶能夠隨時隨地訪問網(wǎng)絡(luò)，網(wǎng)絡(luò)存檔和信息。最近，IBEACON設(shè)備在商業(yè)領(lǐng)域非常受歡迎，特別是在零售領(lǐng)域。它是一款基于藍(lán)牙技術(shù)的卓越的室內(nèi)定位設(shè)備。IBEACON用于在商業(yè)領(lǐng)域向客戶推銷銷售信息。安裝某些應(yīng)用程序的客戶將獲取個人智能手機(jī)的商品指導(dǎo)信息。IBEACON作為低能量設(shè)備，工作24年也只需要耗費(fèi)一點點電。只要有網(wǎng)絡(luò)，我們可以將BEACON設(shè)備放在我們想要的任何地方。通過IBEACON和智能手機(jī)APP，項目將會在一定范圍內(nèi)對其周圍的訪客進(jìn)行檢測，并將項目信息推送給訪問者。AR（增強(qiáng)現(xiàn)實）技術(shù)廣泛應(yīng)用于不同場景中的商業(yè)方式和娛樂，教育，仿真。以AR為基礎(chǔ)，重建歷史遺跡，保護(hù)數(shù)字文化遺產(chǎn)。他們將文物古跡的信息推送給游客。使用HMD（頭盔顯示屏），游客不僅可以獲得古老遺跡的簡約文字介紹，還可以看到重建零件的細(xì)節(jié)。AR的許多優(yōu)點使我們能夠展示博物館當(dāng)?shù)匚幕蜌v史遺跡的豐富媒體內(nèi)容4。這項研究提出了一個基于智能項目的智能設(shè)備的IBEACON和APP的地方文化保護(hù)體系設(shè)計。通過APP，智能項目能夠為游客提供多媒體信息和知識。II相關(guān)技術(shù)IBEACON技術(shù)IBEACON技術(shù)由蘋果在2013年的WWDC（蘋果全球開發(fā)者大會）上發(fā)布。它是開放的藍(lán)牙低能耗技術(shù)之一，廣泛應(yīng)用于商業(yè)領(lǐng)域。IBEACON作為藍(lán)牙低功耗（BLW）設(shè)備在特定時間間隔內(nèi)廣播數(shù)據(jù)包，智能設(shè)備（手機(jī)，PDA或IPAD等）中的應(yīng)用將在智能設(shè)備進(jìn)入某些區(qū)域時觸發(fā)。然后，用戶可以與信標(biāo)應(yīng)用程序進(jìn)行交互，以獲得有關(guān)其周圍項目的更多信息。為了使擴(kuò)展實現(xiàn)對象快速開發(fā)，出現(xiàn)了一些軟件開發(fā)工具包（SDK）。用于構(gòu)建AR應(yīng)用程序的軟件庫ARTOOLKIT9包括通過計算機(jī)視覺算法在虛擬背景上疊加虛擬圖像或?qū)ο?，以跟蹤用戶的觀點，以便在用戶所在的顯示器場景上繪制虛擬對象看著。ARTOOLKITSDK是受歡迎的。此外，MOBINETTAR，METAIO還提供了眾所周知的SDK。III智能設(shè)備設(shè)計通常，在智能設(shè)備和WIFI中由APP檢測到IBEACON在某些區(qū)域內(nèi)的訪問者的行為是可觀的。聰明的物品應(yīng)該能夠感知訪客的行為并作出正確的回應(yīng)。我們提出了基于IBEACON應(yīng)用的智能項目設(shè)計。智能物品基本上具有三個特點，如圖3所示。智能項目由訪問者智能設(shè)備中的IBEACON和APP組成。能夠感知訪客的存在，獲取訪問者的位置，以及根據(jù)項目與訪問者之間的距離來判斷訪問者的偏好，訪客在某個項目周圍的停留時間。FIG3智能設(shè)備的說明1）感知身邊的人信標(biāo)時間間隔發(fā)送BLE，如果任何人使用智能設(shè)備進(jìn)入該地區(qū)，預(yù)先安裝在智能設(shè)備中的APP將被檢測到的BLE形式的信標(biāo)觸發(fā)。IBEACON可以放置在文化藝術(shù)品或古老的歷史遺跡旁邊，游客的智能手機(jī)APP將檢測到BLE，并將有關(guān)此項目的相關(guān)知識推送到智能手機(jī)。2）感知個人的位置并提供導(dǎo)航服務(wù)根據(jù)三個或三個以上的估計IBEACONS提供室內(nèi)導(dǎo)航服務(wù)。（圖4）當(dāng)訪客進(jìn)入博物館大廳的特殊區(qū)域時，智能裝置中的APP將從不同的IBEACONS中檢測到BLE的強(qiáng)度，并計算訪客與不同IBEACONS之間的距離。我們能夠在大廳內(nèi)獲取訪客的位置信息，并瀏覽博物館或區(qū)域內(nèi)的游客。同時我們可以實時推薦最近的物品的相關(guān)知識。FIG4LOCATIONBY3ESTIMATEIBEACONS3）檢測個人偏好如果訪客對展會的某些項目感興趣，那么他們將留在這個項目的前面一段時間，或者呆在那里一段時間，甚至嘗試通過更接近的方式找到更多的東西。訪問者可以在社交媒體上檢索關(guān)鍵詞，分享照片或與朋友的相關(guān)鏈接。所有這些行為都需要一些時間。因此，APP將檢測IBEACON信號并計算訪客停留時間。訪客和物品之間的距離是訪客偏好的另一個測量值。通常情況下，當(dāng)有人參觀藏品或當(dāng)?shù)氐臍v史文物時，他會閱讀簡短的介紹，然后再來看一些細(xì)節(jié)。假設(shè)，值T表示停留時間，D表示項目與訪問者之間的距離，以厘米為單位，將根據(jù)以下標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行判斷我們通過兩個約束條件來判斷某個項目的偏好或興趣停留時間大于或等于60秒，同時距離大于0，小于或等于100厘米。如果這兩個條件都是正確的，我們認(rèn)為訪問者對這個項目感興趣，然后推送他更多的信息，在智能設(shè)備中觸發(fā)ARAPP。然后，訪問者除了可以掃描基準(zhǔn)標(biāo)記。ARAPP將通過3D模型和現(xiàn)實世界實驗之間的交互來更多地了解該項目。否則，我們認(rèn)為訪問者對該項目沒有興趣，只能通過訪問者在現(xiàn)場智能設(shè)備中的應(yīng)用簡單介紹。使用IBEACON和上述標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，我們與IBEACON相關(guān)的項目將具有實時檢測個人偏好的能力，然后作出相應(yīng)的回應(yīng)。IV基于智能設(shè)備的當(dāng)?shù)匚幕Ｗo(hù)系統(tǒng)地方文化保護(hù)的關(guān)鍵任務(wù)在于如何通過最新的信息技術(shù)和設(shè)備讓人們獲得當(dāng)?shù)氐奈幕畔ⅰ?